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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Recambios femorales en grandes defectos óseos
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Vol. 49. Issue S1.
Pages 100-105 (October 2005)
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Vol. 49. Issue S1.
Pages 100-105 (October 2005)
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Recambios femorales en grandes defectos óseos
Femoral replacement in large bone defects
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E.. García-Cimbreloa,
Corresponding author
gcimbrelo@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: E. García-Cimbrelo. C/ Pez Austral, 13, 5.° A. 08034 Barcelona. gcimbrelo@yahoo.es
, L.M.. Azorín Zafrillab, A.. Blanco Pozoc, H.. Ferrer Escobard, X.. Gallart Castanye, A.. Murcia Mazónf, S.. Suso Vergarae
a Hospital La Paz. Madrid
b Hospital de Traumatología de la Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona
c Hospital General Yagüe-Divino Vallés. Burgos
d Hospital Mutua de Terrassa. Terrassa. Barcelona
e Hospital Clínic. Barcelona
f Hospital de Cabueñes. Gijón. Asturias
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Article information
Objetivo

Se analiza una serie 30 de pacientes tratados en 5 hospitales diferentes y seleccionados por presentar grandes defectos óseos que supusieron una dificultad técnica especial; en 24 de ellos se cambió el componente femoral.

Material y métodos

Se utilizó la técnica de injerto impactado con vástago cementado en tres casos y un componente femoral de fijación diafisaria de diferentes diseños en el resto. Los resultados fueron favorables en relación con el dolor, disminuyendo la dismetría original, aunque persistía la cojera en 20 caderas.

Resultados

Veintiséis casos mostraban resultado bueno o excelente, tres regular y uno malo. Se observó un hundimiento menor de 5 mm en 4 caderas, radiotransparencia parcial en dos y alrededor de todo el implante en una. Hubo reabsorción del calcar en tres caderas, e hipertrofia cortical en 4. La técnica del injerto impactado con vástagos cementados ha mostrado resultados favorables en relación con la ausencia del dolor y con la reconstrucción del sustrato óseo, si bien su dificultad y aparición de complicaciones hace que esté indicada en pacientes jóvenes. Los vástagos largos no cementados de fijación distal permiten resolver casos difíciles con graves defectos óseos proximales.

Conclusiones

Debido a las frecuentes luxaciones y hundimientos del implante, una adecuada planificación preoperatoria es obligatoria en este tipo de cirugía. La técnica del injerto compactado, a nivel femoral, ha mostrado resultados satisfactorios a 10 años de seguimiento. En pacientes con vástagos de fijación distal, la fijación radiográfica y la regeneración ósea son frecuentes, incluso en hueso osteoporótico.

Palabras clave:
recambio
artroplastia
cadera
complicación intraoperatoria
Aim

A series of 30 patients were selected on the basis of large bone defects and special technical difficulties. They were treated at five different hospitals and the femoral component was replaced in 24.

Materials and methods

Packed bone grafts with a cemented stem were used in 3 patients and a femoral component with different types of diaphyseal fixation was used in the rest. The outcome was favorable in terms of pain and the original dysmetry was reduced, but limping persisted in 20 hips.

Results

Twenty-six patients achieved good or excellent results, 3 had fair results, and 1 had poor results. A recession of less than 5 mm was observed in 4 hips, partial radiolucence in 2, and radiolucence around the entire implant in 1. There was calcar resorption in 3 hips and cortical hypertrophy in 4. The technique of impacted bone grafts with cemented stem produced favorable results in terms of the absence of pain and reconstruction of the bone substrate, although the technical difficulty and potential complications make it more suitable for young patients. Long, uncemented stems with distal fixation provide a solution for difficult cases with severe proximal bone defects.

Conclusions

Due to frequent dislocations and implant recession, good preoperative planning is mandatory in this type of surgery. The impacted graft technique shows satisfactory results at 10 years of follow-up. In patients with uncemented long-stems, radiographic fixation and bone regeneration are common, even in osteoporotic bone.

Keywords:
replacement
arthroplasty
hip
intraoperative complication
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