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Inicio Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología Baja frecuencia clínica de la demencia por cuerpos de Lewy en el Instituto de N...
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Vol. 42. Issue 6.
Pages 328-332 (November 2007)
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Vol. 42. Issue 6.
Pages 328-332 (November 2007)
Sección clínica
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Baja frecuencia clínica de la demencia por cuerpos de Lewy en el Instituto de Neurología de México
Low clinical frequency of Lewy body dementia in the Institute of Neurology in Mexico
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Mariana Espínola Nadurillea,
Corresponding author
menadu2002@yahoo.com.mx

Correspondencia: Dra. Mariana Espínola Nadurille.Unidad de Neuropsiquiatría. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “MVS”.Insurgentes Sur # 3877 14269 México DF. México.
, Fabián Dolores Velascoa, Jesús Ramírez-Bermúdeza, Ana Luisa Sosa Ortiza,b, Margarita Becerra Pinoc
a Unidad de Neuropsiquiatría. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN). México DF. México
b Unidad de Conducta y Cognición. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN). México DF. México
c Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud mental. Universidad Nacional de México. México DF. México
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Objetivos

a) Determinar la frecuencia clínica de los diferentes subtipos de demencia para conocer la frecuencia y el lugar que ocupa la demencia de cuerpos de Lewy en la población de consulta externa del Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía de México, y b) describir su relación con determinados factores de riesgo.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo observacional sobre los historiales, evolución clínica, pruebas neuropsicológicas y datos cualitativos de la resonancia magnética cerebral de todos los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo que asistieron a la consulta externa en el año 2004.

Resultados

N: 237. La edad media fue de 66,0 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 12,6). El 65,0% mujeres. El 37,6% era originario del área metropolitana de México. Seguimiento medio en consulta:31,3 semanas (DE: 44,2). Mini-Mental State Examination promedio:18,5 puntos (DE: 7,3). Nivel educativo medio: 6,0 años (DE: 4,8). Tipos de demencia: Alzheimer 26,6%, vascular 21,1%,mixta 17,7%, frontotemporal 10,5%. Solamente se encontró un caso de demencia por cuerpos de Lewy difusos (0,4% de la muestra). La presencia de factores de riesgo vascular tiende a ser elevada, sobre todo en los subgrupos no degenerativos.

Conclusiones

En nuestra población, los tipos de demencia con componente vascular se encuentran más representados a expensas de los degenerativos en relación con la casuística internacional.En los países subdesarrollados o en vías de desarrollo,la patología vascular podría modificar la presentación clínica de los procesos neurodegenerativos, como ocurre con la demencia por cuerpos de Lewy en el presente estudio.

Palabras clave:
Demencia por cuerpos de Lewy
Enfermedad de Alzheimer
Factores de riesgo vascular
Objectives

a) To determine the clinical frequency of the different subtypes of dementia in order to identify the frequency and place that Lewy body dementia occupies in the population attending the outpatient department of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico, and b) to describe the association between dementia and specific risk factors.

Material and methods

We performed a retrospective observational study of the clinical histories, clinical outcome, neuropsychological tests and qualitative data of cerebral magnetic resonance imaging of all patients with cognitive impairment attending the outpatient department during 2004.

Results

N: 237. The mean age of the patients was 66.0 years (SD,12.6). Sixty-five percent of the patients were women. A total of 37.6% were from the metropolitan area of Mexico. The mean time of follow-up in the outpatient department was 31.3 weeks (SD,44.2). The mean Mini-Mental State Examination score was 18.5 points (SD, 7.3). The mean number of years of education was 6.0 (SD, 4.8). The types of dementia were distributed as follows: Alzheimer 26.6%, vascular 21.1%, mixed 17.7%, fronto-temporal 10.5%. Only one case of diffuse Lewy body disease (0.4% of the sample) was found. The presence of vascular risk factors tended to be high, especially in non-degenerative subgroups.

Conclusions

In our population, vascular dementias are more frequent than degenerative subgroups and are also more frequent in comparison with international casuistics. In underdeveloped or developing countries, vascular disease could modify the clinical presentation of neurodegenerative processes, as occurred with Lewy body dementia in the present study.

Key words:
Lewy body dementia
Alzheimer’s disease
Vascular risk factors
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