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Vol. 16. Issue 2.
Pages 45-53 (April - June 2012)
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Vol. 16. Issue 2.
Pages 45-53 (April - June 2012)
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Estilos de vida, sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes de enseñanza media de La Habana
Lifestyle, Overweight and Obesity in a Population of Adolescents From Havana
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Consuelo Macías Matos
Corresponding author
cmacias@infomed.sld.cu

Autor para correspondencia.
, María Elena Díaz Sánchez, Gisela María Pita Rodríguez, Beatriz Basabe Tuero, Dania Herrera Javier, Vilma Moreno López
Instituto de Nutrición e Higiene de los Alimentos (INHA)
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Resumen
Introducción

La elevada prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad constituye un problema de salud en Cuba y no hay suficiente información sobre adolescentes. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la relación entre el exceso de peso y adiposidad con la actividad física, las horas de televisión y los hábitos alimentarios en adolescentes.

Material y métodos

Se estudió a 604 adolescentes (edad, 12 años) de La Habana. Se analizaron: índice de masa corporal, composición corporal, antecedentes de obesidad en la niñez, actividad física, horas viendo televisión, consumo, hábitos y preferencias alimentarias. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y de asociación. Para el análisis de regresión logística se utilizó el exceso de peso y de adiposidad como variables dependientes.

Resultados

El exceso de peso corporal fue más frecuente en los varones. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de exceso de adiposidad, el 49,8% en mujeres y el 37,8% en varones. Los varones (61,7%) fueron más activos que las mujeres (33,6%). De lunes a viernes, el 46,7% de los varones y el 55,9% de las mujeres dedicaron más de 2 h/día a ver televisión, que aumentó a más del 75% en ambos sexos los sábados y domingos. Realizar menos de 5–6 comidas/día duplicó el riesgo de tener exceso de peso; el sobrepeso corporal en la niñez también fue un factor de riesgo. No desayunar incrementó el riesgo de adiposidad casi al doble.

Conclusiones

El exceso de peso, y especialmente el de adiposidad, puede ser considerado un problema de salud en los adolescentes estudiados. Se observó un consumo demasiado alto de azúcar, un tiempo excesivo viendo la televisión e insuficiente actividad física.

Palabras clave:
Peso corporal
Sobrepeso
Composición corporal
Adolescentes
Actividad física
Estilo de vida sedentario
Hábitos alimentarios
Hábitos de ingesta
Abstract
Introduction

The high prevalence of overweight and obesity is a health problem in Cuba, and there is a lack of information on adolescents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between excessive weight and adiposity with physical activity, hours of television (TV), and eating habits in adolescents.

Material and methods

A total of 604 adolescents (12 years) from Havana were studied. The variables analysed included, body mass index, body composition, history of obesity in infancy, physical activity, hours watching television, eating habits and dietary preferences. A descriptive and correlation analysis was performed. In the logistic regression analysis, excess weight and adiposity were used as dependent variables.

Results

Excess body weight was more common in boys. There was high prevalence of excess adiposity, 49.8% in girls and 37.8% in boys. The boys (61.7%) were more active than the girls (33.6%). Just under half (46.7%) of the boys, and 55.9% of the girls spent more than 2 hours/day watching television, which increased to more than 75% for both sexes on Saturdays and Sunday. Making less than 5–6 meals/day doubled the risk of being overweight. Body overweight in infancy was also a risk factor. Not having breakfast increased the risk of adiposity by almost double.

Conclusions

Excess weight, and particularly excess adiposity, may be considered a health problem in the adolescents studied. A very high consumption of sugar, an excessive time watching TV, and insufficient physical activity was observed.

Keywords:
Body weight
Overweight
Body composition
Adolescents
Physical activity
Sedentary life style
Dietary habits
Eating habits
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Copyright © 2012. Asociación Española de Dietistas-Nutricionistas
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