Can Flaxseed Help Satisfy Appetite in Women Subjected to Bariatric Surgery?

Cosendey Menegati, Gigliane; Cohen, Larissa; Carvalho de Mattos, Fernanda Cristina; de Miranda, Mariana Paes; Lopes Rosado, Eliane

doi:10.1016/S2173-1292(12)70073-X

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Abstract

Background

Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective immediate weight loss method for the morbidly obese, despite widely reported weight regain after a few years. Appetite, satiety and satiation control are essential to maintaining a long-term result post-surgery. Dietary fatty acids composition may be implicated in the satiety. As flaxseed is a food high in linolenic acid, we aimed to verify the influence of flaxseed fat on appetite and satiety of women after bariatric surgery.

Material and methods

Six women who underwent bariatric surgery at least 2 years before participated in a single-blind crossover trial that compared the effect of two isocaloric meals on satiety, one containing whole golden flaxseed (high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber) (G1) and another withdefatted flaxseed (high in fiber) (G2), with one week of washout period. This variable was estimated by visual analogue scales in both meals at baseline (T0), immediately after ingestion (T1) and 60, 120, and 180 minutes after the meal (T60, T120 and T180). Fasting anthropometric, body composition, laboratory tests (glucose and lipids) and dietary variables, were evaluated while fasting.

Results

The volunteers were obese and had excess central adiposity, even after two years of surgery and still showed habitual fibre intake below recommended levels. G1 had reduced hunger after 180 minutes compared to G2 (P=.046). Other parameters related to appetite and satiety did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

Less hunger was observed after 180 minutes in whole golden flaxseed meal compared with the defatted flaxseed meal, indicating that the whole golden flaxseed meal, possibly, supports obesity treatment in the long-term after bariatric surgery by controlling appetite and satiety sensations.

Keywords:

Flaxseed

Appetite

Bariatric surgery

Fat

Resumen

Antecedentes

Se considera que la cirugía bariátrica es el método inmediato más eficaz para la pérdida de peso en la obesidad mórbida a pesar de observarse, en algunos casos, la recuperación del peso corporal después de algunos años. El control del apetito, la saciedad y la satisfacción son esenciales para que los resultados se mantengan a largo plazo después de la cirugía. La composición de ácidos grasos de la dieta podría ser un factor implicado en la regulación de la saciedad. Debido a que la linaza es un alimento con alto contenido en ácido linolénico, el objetivo del presente estudio es verificar la influencia de la grasa de la linaza en el apetito y la saciedad de las mujeres después de la cirugía bariátrica.

Material y métodos

Seis mujeres que se habían sometido a cirugía bariátrica al menos 2 años antes participaron en un ensayo cruzado a simple ciego que comparó el efecto en la saciedad de dos comidas isocalóricas que contienen linaza dorada integral (rica en ácidos grasos poliinsaturados y fibra) (G1) y linaza desgrasada (rica solamente en fibra) (G2), con 1 semana de aclaramiento. Esta variable se estimó mediante escala analógica visual en las dos comidas, en el periodo basal (T0), inmediatamente después de la ingestión (T1) y 60, 120 y 180 min después (T60, T120 y T180). Además, se evaluó la antropometría, la composición corporal y variables de laboratorio (glucosa y los lípidos) y dietéticas, en ayunas.

Resultados

Los voluntarios eran obesos y tenían exceso de adiposidad central, incluso 2 años después de la cirugía, y aún mostraban ingesta habitual de fibra por debajo de la cantidad recomendada. G1 presentó reducción del hambre después de 180 min en comparación con G2 (p=0,046). Otros parámetros relacionados con el apetito y la saciedad no difirieron entre los grupos.

Conclusiones

Se observó menos hambre 180 min después de ingerir linaza dorada integral en comparación con la linaza desgrasada, lo que indica que la linaza dorada integral podría estar indicada en el tratamiento de la obesidad a largo plazo tras cirugía bariátrica, debido al control de las sensaciones de apetito y saciedad.

Palabras clave:

Linaza

Apetito

Cirugía bariátrica

Grasa

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