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Vol. 41. Issue 3.
Pages 117-123 (July - September 2021)
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Vol. 41. Issue 3.
Pages 117-123 (July - September 2021)
Original article
Theory of mind in Portuguese school children: An exploratory study
Teoría de la mente en niños escolares portugueses: un estudio exploratorio
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43
Joana Antonieta Rocha
Corresponding author
jrocha@ufp.edu.pt

Corresponding author.
, Ana Carolina Vieira, Vânia Peixoto
School of Health - University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Fundação Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
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Tables (6)
Table 1. Participants characterization (gender, age, schooling).
Table 2. Participants individual characteristic (parents educational level, parents, number of siblings).
Table 3. Participant's performance on ToM Picture Stories Task Sequencing 1.
Table 4. Participant's performance on ToM Picture Stories Task Sequencing 2.
Table 5. Participant's performance on ToM Picture Stories Task Sequencing 1; Sequencing 2; Sequencing 1 and 2.
Table 6. Pearson correlation between TM performance and participants individual characteristics.
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Abstract
Introduction and objectives

Theory of mind (ToM) has been studied as well as children's mental states in relation to their everyday behaviour and is indispensable for skilled communication. Considering the importance of measuring ToM in school children, the aim of this exploratory investigation was to apply a preliminary Portuguese version of the ToM Picture Stories Task in a sample of school children aged from 6 to 8 years and to analyze the impact of individual differences (e.g. gender, parent's age, educational level, number of siblings) on task performance.

Purpose

This article analyses ToM performance in a sample of 103 Portuguese school children in a public school.

Method

Two stories of the ToM Pictures Sequencing Task were used to assess ToM competence in a sample of 103 participants (54 females and 49 males) aged from 6 to 8 years. Individual differences (e.g., gender, number of siblings, parents educational levels and age) were also considered.

Results

The results showed good performances in story 1, but not as good in story 2. Positive correlations were found between age and year of schooling and performance in ToM tasks.

Conclusion

Future research is needed regarding the influence of cognitive and linguistic skills in high-order ToM skills in school children.

Keywords:
Theory of mind
High order theory of mind
First- and second-order beliefs
Resumen
Introducción y objetivos

La teoría de la mente (TM) ha sido estudiada como los estados mentales de los niños en relación con su comportamiento cotidiano, y es indispensable para la comunicación. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de medir la TM en niños en edad escolar, el objetivo de esta investigación exploratoria fue aplicar una versión preliminar portuguesa de la tarea TM Picture Stories Task en una muestra de niños en edad escolar de 6 a 8 años y analizar el impacto de las diferencias individuales (p. ej., género, edad de los padres, nivel educativo, número de hermanos) en el desempeño de la tarea.

Objetivo

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar las habilidades de la TM en 103 niños portugueses.

Metodología

Participaron 103 participantes (54 mujeres y 49 varones) con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 8 años. Todos fueron evaluados con dos pruebas de TM «Theory of Mind Pictures Sequencing Task».

Resultados

Los resultados mostraron un buen desempeño en la historia 1, pero no tan bueno en la historia 2. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre la edad y el año de escolarización y el desempeño en tareas de la TM.

Conclusiones

Futura investigación es necesaria en relación con la TM en la influencia de las habilidades cognitivas y lingüísticas de los niños.

Palabras clave:
Teoría de la mente
Teoría de la mente de alto nivel
Creencias de primer y segundo orden

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