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Vol. 29. Issue 2.
Pages 115-130 (April 2009)
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Vol. 29. Issue 2.
Pages 115-130 (April 2009)
Exploración de las habilidades fonológicas en escolares disléxicos: teoría y práctica
Exploration of phonological abilities in dyslexic children: theory and practice
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M.. Carrillo Gallego, J.. Alegría Isoca
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La importancia del procesamiento fonológico en el aprendizaje de la lectura y en la explicación de sus dificultades ha sido puesta de manifiesto en múltiples trabajos de investigación en diferentes lenguas. Tanto los modelos teóricos (hipótesis del déficit fonológico) como los programas de recuperación asumen el papel central de las habilidades fonológicas y la necesidad de explorar su funcionamiento en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la dislexia de desarrollo. En el estudio empírico que presentamos, se comparan y analizan los resultados en distintas tareas fonológicas administradas a dos grupos de escolares con y sin retraso lector específico (N = 71 y N = 80, respectivamente). Nuestra explicación detallada de la relación que vincula el nivel de ejecución en las diferentes tareas utilizadas permite extraer conclusiones útiles para el tratamiento educativo de la dislexia.
Palabras clave:
Dislexia de desarrollo, procesamiento fonológico, adquisición de la lectura
During the last decades it has been established that different aspects of phonological processing are strongly involved in the acquisition of basic reading mechanisms, and for this reason at explaining developmental dyslexia. Theoretical models (the phonological deficit hypothesis) as well as programs of rehabilitation emphasize the necessity to thoroughly explore phonological abilities of dyslexics in order to establish precise diagnosis and adopt adequate treatments. In the present empiric study several tasks aimed at exploring different phonological abilities were administered to two groups of primary school children, one showing a specific delay in reading acquisition (N = 71) and the other presenting a normally developing pattern (N = 80). The results show that dyslexics are poorer in all of the phonological tasks examined. The discussion tries to establish relationships between the different phonological tasks among them and with the global level or reading and spelling reached by the participants and suggests means for an educational treatment of reading troubles.
Keywords:
Developmental dyslexia, phonological processing, reading acquisition

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