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Inicio Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Course of Cognitive Functioning in First-Episode Psychosis: A Comparison Between...
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Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 18-25 (January 2008)
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Vol. 1. Issue 1.
Pages 18-25 (January 2008)
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Course of Cognitive Functioning in First-Episode Psychosis: A Comparison Between Schizophrenia and Non Schizophrenia Psychosis
Curso del funcionamiento cognitivo en primeros episodios psicóticos: estudio comparativo entre esquizofrenia y otros diagnósticos psicóticos
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Arantzazu Zabalaa,b,
Corresponding author
arantzazu.zabala@ehu.es

Corresponding author.
, José I. Eguiluza,c, Rafael Segarraa,c, Sonsoles Enjutoc, Jesús Ezcurrad, Edorta Elizagaratea,d, Ana M. González Pintoa,b,e, Miguel Gutiérreza,b,e
a Departamento de Neurociencia, Sección de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), Vizcaya, Spain
b Salud Mental CIBER-SAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Sanidad, Spain
c Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital de Cruces, Sistema de Salud Mental Osakidetza, Vizcaya, Spain
d Hospital Psiquiátrico de Álava, Sistema de Salud Mental Osakidetza, Álava, Spain
e Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Santiago Apóstol, Sistema de Salud Mental Osakidetza, Álava, Spain
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Abstract
Aims

To describe the course of cognitive functioning in first-episode psychosis and to determine possible differences in the degree and trajectory of cognitive deficits between schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia first-episode psychosis.

Method

We assessed attention, working memory, and executive functioning in 57 patients with first-episode psychosis both at baseline and at 1-year of follow-up.

Results

For the overall group, significant reductions were found in the percentage of omission and commission errors for the sustained attention task (P<.001 and P=.001, respectively), in the total time to complete the Stroop-I task (P<.001), in the percentage of omission errors for the working memory task (P=.001), and in the percentage of perseverative errors for the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST; P<.001), as well as a significant increase in the number of categories completed in the WCST (P<.001). The remaining cognitive variables analyzed remained stable (4 of the 10 variables tested). The pattern of change was similar for patients with schizophrenia (n=20) and nonschizophrenia (n=37) in the areas of attention of working memory. For executive functioning, the non-schizophrenia group showed a more beneficial pattern of change. No significant differences were detected in the cognitive performance among subgroups at baseline or at the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusions

The course of cognitive deficits in first-episode psychosis showed significant improvements over the 1-year period in the areas of attention, working memory, and executive functioning. Neuropsychological performance did not seem to be specific enough to distinguish between patients with schizophrenia and non-schizophrenia first-episode psychosis, at least during the first year.

Key words:
Cognition
Course
Schizophrenia
First episode
Psychosis
Resumen
Objetivos

Describir el curso del rendimiento cognitivo en primeros episodios psicóticos y determinar posibles diferencias en el grado de afectación y evolución de los déficit cognitivos entre esquizofrenia y otras psicosis.

Método

Se evaluaron las áreas de atención, memoria de trabajo y funciones ejecutivas en 57 primeros episodios psicóticos en el momento basal y al año de seguimiento.

Resultados

Para la muestra total, se detectaron reducciones significativas en: porcentaje de errores de omisión y comisión en la tarea de atención sostenida (p<0,001 y p=0,001, respectivamente), tiempo total empleado en el Stroop-I (p<0,001), porcentaje de errores de omisión en memoria de trabajo (p=0,001), porcentaje de errores perseverativos del WCST (p<0,001), así como un incremento en el número de categorías completadas en este último (p<0,001). El resto de variables analizadas permanecieron estables (4 de un total de 10). El perfil de cambio fue similar para el grupo de esquizofrenia (n=20) y no esquizofrenia (n=37) en las áreas de atención y memoria de trabajo. Para el funcionamiento ejecutivo, el grupo de no esquizofrenia presentó un perfil de cambio más favorable. No se detectaron diferencias significativas entre grupos en su rendimiento cognitivo en ninguna de las evaluaciones.

Conclusiones

El curso de los déficit cognitivos en primeros episodios psicóticos presenta mejorías significativas durante el primer año en las áreas de atención, memoria de trabajo y funciones ejecutivas. El rendimiento neuropsicológico no parece ser lo suficientemente específico para diferenciar pacientes con esquizofrenia de pacientes con otros diagnósticos psicóticos, al menos durante el primer año tras la instauración del tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Cognición
Curso
Esquizofrenia
Primer episodio
Psicosis
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