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Vol. 5. Issue 4.
Pages 79-82 (October 2004)
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Vol. 5. Issue 4.
Pages 79-82 (October 2004)
Low hepatitis B vaccine coverage among health care workers detected by a blood-borne exposure active surveillance programme
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R. Bou, M. Peris, J. Perpiñán, A. Aguilar, P. Ramos
Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital de La Ribera. Alzira. Valencia. España.
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Objective

To describe the incidence of exposure to blood and to determine hepatitis B vaccine coverage among healthcare workers.

Design

Descriptive, longitudinal study.

Setting

District referral hospital with 260 beds.

Methods

Case definition: exposure reported from January 1999 to December 2001.

Viral markers were investigated in patients and sources. The incidence density (ID) was calculated and logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

Three hundred sixty-seven exposures were reported, of which 94.5% were percutaneous and 5.4% were myocutaneous. The ID was 0.3 per 1000 healthcare workers-days. The highest area- and category-specific ID were observed among students (0.5 per 1000 healthcare workers-days) and the sterilization center (0.9 per 1000 healthcare workers-days). At the time of exposure, 78% of the exposed healthcare workers had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. The absence of vaccination against hepatitis B was associated with older subjects and with occupations other than doctor or nurse. There were no cases of seroconversion.

Conclusion

The risk of exposure to blood was related to the type of work and the area of the hospital. No cases of transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or HIV were detected. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage should be increased in our center.

Key words:
Blood-borne surveillance
Hepatitis B vaccine coverage
Seroconversion
Objetivo

Describir la incidencia de exposiciones a sangre y comprobar la cobertura vacunal frente a hepatitis B en el personal sanitario.

Métodos

Estudio descriptivo longitudinal realizado en un hospital comarcal de referencia con 260 camas. Se valoraron todas las exposiciones comunicadas desde enero de 1999 a diciembre de 2001. Se realizó el estudio de los marcadores virales de los pacientes y las fuentes. Se calculó la densidad de incidencia (DI) y se realizó un análisis de regresión logística.

Resultados

Se comunicaron 367 exposiciones, un 94,5% percutá-neas y un 5,4% mucocutáneas. La DI fue 0,3 por 1.000 personal sanitario-días. La DI por áreas y categorías más elevadas correspondieron a los estudiantes (0,5/1.000 personal sanitario-días) y el centro de esterilización (0,9/1.000 personal sanitario-días). En el momento de la exposición, el 78% del personal sanitario expuesto estaba vacunado frente a la hepatitis B. La ausencia de vacunación se asoció con los sujetos de más edad y los que no eran médicos ni enfermeras. No se produjo ninguna seroconversión.

Conclusión

El riesgo de exposición a sangre se relacionó con el tipo de trabajo y el área del hospital. No se produjo transmisión de los virus de la hepatitis B y C ni del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Es necesario mejorar la cobertura vacunal frente a la hepatitis B en el personal sanitario de nuestro centro.

Palabras clave:
Exposición a material biológico
Cobertura vacunal frente a hepatitis B
Seroconversión

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