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Inicio Vacunas (English Edition) The emerging applications of niosome as a nanotechnology-based approach in vacci...
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Vol. 25. Issue 3.
Pages 374-384 (July - September 2024)
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Vol. 25. Issue 3.
Pages 374-384 (July - September 2024)
Review article
The emerging applications of niosome as a nanotechnology-based approach in vaccine delivery
Aplicaciones emergentes del niosoma Como enfoque basado en nanotecnología Para la administración de vacunas
Marjan Talebia,i, Negar Bozorgchamib,1, Rouzbeh Almasi Ghalec,1, Hadi Esmaeelid,e, Azamsadat Moosavizadehc,f,2, Ali Aghajanig,2, Bahareh Farasati Farh,2, Saeed Aminzadehc,
Corresponding author
aminzade@nigeb.ac.ir

Corresponding author.
a Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
c National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
d Quality Assurance Department, NIAK Pharmaceutical Company, Gorgan, Iran
e Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
f Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
g School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
h Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
i Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Non-ionic surfactants are used in niosomes.52
Table 2. Niosomal system for vaccine delivery.
Table 3. A summary of various types of niosomes.
Table 4. Different types of specialized niosomes and their conventional preparation methods.
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Abstract

Nanocarrier-based formulations such as niosomes are experiencing a rise in popularity owing to their substantial benefits over conventional formulations. Niosomes, which are novel vesicular systems, are composed mainly of hydrated amphiphilic molecules encompassing a variety of non-ionic surfactant classes. They have since emerged as a significant novel drug delivery system employed by numerous research groups for sustained and targeted deliveries. As well as conventional oral and parenteral administrations, biotechnological products can also be administered via transdermal, intranasal, ocular, and vaginal routes. The use of niosomes for vaccine delivery offers an interesting and promising area of research in the field of drug delivery. Furthermore, niosomes have demonstrated their efficacy as immunoadjuvants. This overview provides an extensive viewpoint on the emerging applications of niosomes in vaccine delivery which is a milestone in the immune-providing industry. A wide range of surfactants with diverse polar head groups, in addition to 1, 2, or 3 lipophilic alkyls, perfluoroalkyl, and steroidal moieties, can be used to generate the appropriate vesicular structures for encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. The techniques utilized for niosome preparation, aspects related to the stability of vesicles and the administration routes for these amphiphilic assemblies are also deliberated upon.

Keywords:
Nanotechnology
Niosome
Vaccine
Vaccine delivery
Vaccinology
Abbreviations:
AP
APCs
APIs
Chol
CTAB
DCP
gB1s
HBsAg
NSVs
LUV
MLV
MPG
NPs
PBS
PG6-O
POES
SBL
SUV
TEM
TFH
Resumen

Las formulaciones basadas en nanoportadores tales como los niosomas están incrementando su popularidad, debido a sus beneficios sustanciales sobre las formulaciones convencionales. Los niosomas, que son sistemas vesiculares noveles, se componen principalmente de moléculas anfifílicas hidratadas que comprenden una serie de clases surfactantes no iónicas. Han surgido como un sistema de administración de fármacos considerablemente nuevo, utilizado por numerosos grupos investigadores para la administración sostenida y dirigida. Pudiendo administrarse convencionalmente por vía oral y parenteral, los productos biotecnológicos pueden administrarse también mediante las vías transdérmica, intranasal, ocular y vaginal. El uso de niosomas para la administración de vacunas ofrece un área de investigación interesante y prometedora en el campo de la administración de fármacos. Además, los niosomas han demostrado su eficacia como inmunoadyuvantes. Este resumen proporciona un punto de vista amplio sobre las aplicaciones emergentes de los niosomas en términos de administración de vacunas, lo cual supone un hito en el sector de los proveedores inmunológicos. Se puede utilizar una gran variedad de surfactantes con diversos grupos de cabezas polares, además de uno, dos, o tres alquilos lipofílicos, perfluoroalquilos y fracciones esteroideas, a fin de generar las estructuras vesiculares adecuadas para encapsular las sustancias hidrofílicas e hidrofóbicas. Las técnicas utilizadas para la preparación de niosomas, los aspectos relacionados con la estabilidad de las vesículas y las rutas de administración para estos conjuntos anfifílicos son también premeditados.

Palabras clave:
Nanotecnología
Niosoma
Vacuna
Administración de vacunas
Vacunología

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