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Inicio Angiología Técnicas endovasculares en el sector ilíaco. Revisión sistemática
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Vol. 53. Núm. 3.
Páginas 135-152 (enero 2001)
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Vol. 53. Núm. 3.
Páginas 135-152 (enero 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Técnicas endovasculares en el sector ilíaco. Revisión sistemática
Endovascular techniq ues a t theiliac level. a systematic review
Técnicas endovasculares do território ilíaco. revisão sistemática
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2124
F. Acín1
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facing@meditex.es

Servicio de Angiologíay Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Universitario de Getafe. Ctra. Toledo, km12,500. E-28905 Getafe, Madrid.
, J.R. March, A.L. Quintana, A.F. Heredero, J. Alfayate, R. Ros
Servicio de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Universitario de Getafe. Getafe, Madrid, España.
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Summary

Introduction. Endovascular techniques have proved their usefulness for treating occlusive lesions at the aortoiliac level. They have been progressively used to treat more complex and lengthy lesions. Material andmethods. A comprehensive review of the English-language literature was done in two well-known database (MEDLINE and Pub Med). Key words for searching were ‘aortoiliac’, ‘iliac artery’, ‘percutaneous transluminal angioplasty’, ‘stent’ and ‘endovascular’. The search was limited to clinical trials. Results and conclusions. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) hasproved excellentresults, with high initial success and long termpatency (5-year patency rate between 53% to 85%). Predictive factors for worse result were: occlusions, external iliac artery lesions, more than 5cm length stenosis, impairedrun-off and critical limb ischaemia. Selective stent placement has beenproved as a worthwhile strategy, nevertheless there is no evidence for primary stent deployment. Stent-grafts represent an interestingfuture option, although there is no enough information about long term results. Atherectomy and laser angioplasties show high complication and low patency rates and there is not a real indication for their use today. Thrombolysis seems to improve PTA results on the basis of an acute ischemia.

key words:
Atherectomy
Endovascular
Iliac artery
Stent
Thrombolysis
Transluminalangioplasty
Resumen

Introducción. Las técnicas endovasculares han mostrado su utilidad en las lesiones oclusivas del sector aortoilíaco, ya que se han utilizado con éxito en lesiones progresivamente más extensas y complejas. Material y métodos. Hemos realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada en lengua inglesa en dos bases bibliográficas habituales (MEDLINE y Pub Med) utilizando los términos de búsqueda ‘aortoilíac’, ‘iliac artery’, ‘percutaneous transluminal angioplasty’, 'stent'y ‘endovascular’, y limitándonos a ensayos clínicos. Resultados y conclusiones. La angioplastia transluminal percutánea (ATP) simple ha ofrecido excelentes resultados, con altas tasas de éxito técnico y permeabilidades a cinco años (5385%). Los factores identificados como predictivos de peor resultado han sido: lesión oclusiva, localización en ilíaca externa, longitud superior a 5cm, mal run-off e indicación por isquemia crítica. El uso de stents ha mostrado su utilidad en indicación selectiva, pero no existen evidencias que justifiquen su indicación primaria. Las prótesis recubiertas representan una alternativa de futuro, si bien desconocemos sus resultados a largo plazo. Los malos resultados en cuanto a permeabilidady la alta tasa de complicaciones desacreditan el empleo de técnicas de aterectomías y láser, ahora en desuso. La fibrinólisis parece mejorar los resultados de la ATP en situaciones de isquemia aguda.

Palabras clave:
Angioplastiatransluminal
Arteria ilíaca
Aterectomía
Endovascular
Stent
Trombólisis
Resumo

Introdução. As técnicas end ovasculares demonstraram a sua própria utilidade nas lesões oclusivas do território aorto-ilíaco, dado que foram utilizadas com sucesso em lesões progressivamente mais extensas e complexas. Material e métodos. Efectuámos uma revisão sistemática da literatura publicada em língua inglesa nas duas bases bibliográficas habituais (MEDLINE e Pub Med), utilizando os termos de busca ‘aortoiliac’, ‘iliacartery’, ‘percutaneous transluminal angioplasty’, ‘stent’ e ‘endovascular’, limitando-nos a ensaios clínicos. Resultados e conclusões. A angioplastia transluminal percutânea (ATP) simples ofereceu excelentes resultados, com elevadas taxas de sucesso técnico e permeabilidade aos 5 anos (53-85%). Os factores identificados como premonitores de pior resultado foram: lesâo oclusiva, localização na ilíaca externa, comprimento superior a 5cm, mau run-off e indicação por isquemia crítica. Autilizaçãodo ‘stent’ mostroua sua utilidade na indicação selectiva, contudo não existem evidencias que justifiquem a sua indicação como primeira escolha. As próteses revestidas representam uma alternativa de futuro, embora desconheçamos os seus resultados a longoprazo. Os maus resultados, quanto à permeabilidade e elevado índice de complicações descreditabilizam a utilização de técnicas de aterectomia e laser, actualmente em desuso. Afibrinólise parece melhorar os resultados da ATP em situações de isquemia aguda.

Palavras chave:
Angioplastia transluminal
Artéria ilíaca
Aerectomia
Endovascular
Stent
Trombólise
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