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Vol. 52. Núm. 1.
Páginas 25-32 (enero 1999)
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Vol. 52. Núm. 1.
Páginas 25-32 (enero 1999)
Acceso a texto completo
El proceso de descongelación lenta mantiene la viabilidad de la pared arterial criopreservada
Slow thawing maintain cryopreserved arterial wall viability
Visitas
3357
G. Pascual, N. Garaía-Honduvilla, M.J. Gimeno, F. Jurado, F. Turégano*, J.M. Bellón, J. Buján
Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas y Cirugía. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Alcalá de Henares.
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Resumen

Investigaciones recientes han centrado su interés en los procesos de descongelación como posibles inductores de los daños que hacen fracasar los injertos realizados con arterias criopreservadas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es, conocer el efecto de la descongelación sobre la pared de vasos criopreservados a -80 ºC.

Arterias ilíacas de cerdo (Mini Pig) fueron criopreservadas en un congelador biológico a -80 ºC, en Medio Mínimo Esencial con el 10% de dimetilsulfóxido, disminuyendo la temperatura 1 ºC/min. Los vasos fueron almacenados 30 días a -80 ºC y una vez transcurrido este período de tiempo se sometieron a dos protocolos diferentes de descongelación: descongelación rápida, 5 minutos en un baño a 37 ºC o descongelación lenta, programada y automatizada, 2 horas; con un incremento de temperatura de 1 ºC/m. hasta alcanzar la temperatura ambiente. Arterias frescas fueron utilizadas como controles.

Se realizaron estudios morfológicos; microscopía óptica y microscopía electrónica de transmisión y barrido, de los diferentes grupos y se valoró el daño celular mediante la técnica TUNEL.

En los vasos sometidos tanto a descongelación lenta como a descongelación rápida, existían zonas donde el endotelio estaba bien conservado, alternando con zonas totalmente denudadas. En la capa media, el grupo de descongelación rápida presentaba una mayor desorganización celular, con presencia de zonas edematosas distribuidas por todo el espesor de la capa. La microscopía electrónica de barrido mostraba una superficie luminal cubierta de células endoteliales globulares y pequeñas áreas denudadas que dejaban al descubierto una densa matriz subendotelial. Tras el proceso de criopreservacióu, el número de células viables disminuye, produciéndose un incremento de céulas TUNEL-positivas. La viabilidad celular total resultó ser menor en aquellas arterias que habían sido sometidas al protocolo de descongelación rápida.

Por todo ello, podemos concluir que la descongelación rápida, en comparación con la descongelación lenta, provoca daños más acusados en la capa media de las arterias criopreservadas a -80 ºC y disminuye la viabilidad celular de las mismas.

Palabras clave:
Criopreservaclón
descongelación lenta/rápida
daño vascular
Summary

Recent investigations have centred their interest on the thawing processes as possible causes of damage that result in the failure of grafts with cryogenically preserved arteries. The objective of this study is to know the effects of thawing on the walls of vessels that have been cryogenically preserved at -80 ºC.

Pig iliac arteries (Mini Pig) were cryogenically preserved in a biological freezer at -80 ºC in minimum essential medium (MEM) with 10% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), the temperature being reduced at 1 ºC/min. The vessels were stored for 30 days at -80 ºC and after this period were submitted to two different thawing methods: rapid thazving (RT), 5 minutes in a water bath at 37 ºC, or automatic programmed slow thawing (ST), 2 hours with a temperature increase of 1 ºC/min to reach room temperature. Fresh arteries were used as controls. Morphological studies were carried out of the different groups; light microscope and transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopes were used and cellular damage was evaluated using the Tunnel technique.

In the vessels submitted to RT and ST, there were areas where the endothelium was well preserved alternating with totally denudated areas. In the middle coat, the RT group showed greater cell disorganization, with the presence of edematous areas distributed throughout the thickness of the coat. The scanning electron microscope showed a luminal surface covered with globular endothelial cells and small denudated areas leaving a dense subendothelial matrix uncovered. After the cryogenic preservation process, the number of viable cells diminishes producing an increase in tunneipositive cells. The total cell viability was less in those arteries that had been submitted to RT.

As a result, we may conclude that RT, compared with ST, produces greater damage in the middle coat of arteries cryogenically preserved at -80 ºC and the viability of their cells diminishes.

Palabras clave:
Cryogenic preservation
rapid/slow thawing
vascular damage
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Hospital Gregorio Marañón. Madrid (España)

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