metricas
covid
Buscar en
Cirugía Española
Toda la web
Inicio Cirugía Española Estudio multivariante de los factores de riesgo de lesión del nervio laríngeo ...
Información de la revista
Vol. 73. Núm. 3.
Páginas 148-153 (marzo 2003)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 73. Núm. 3.
Páginas 148-153 (marzo 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Estudio multivariante de los factores de riesgo de lesión del nervio laríngeo recurrente en la cirugía del bocio multinodular
Multivariate study of risk factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in multinodular goiter surgery
Visitas
5601
Antonio Ríos Zambudioa,1
Autor para correspondencia
ARZRIOS@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Dr. A. Ríos Zambudio. Avenida de la Libertad, 208. Casillas. 30007 Murcia. España.
, José Manuel Rodríguez Gonzáleza, Pedro José Galindo Fernándeza, María D. Balsalobre Salmeróna, Nuria Torregrosa Péreza, Antonio Piñero Madronaa, Manuel Canteras Jordanab, Pascual Parrilla Paricioa
a Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo I. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. España.
b Departamento de Bioestadística. Facultad de Medicina de Murcia. Murcia. España.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Resumen
Objetivo

La lesión recurrencial es la complicación más grave en la cirugía tiroidea. Sin embargo, existen pocos análisis multivariantes que valoren el impacto de sus factores de riesgo. El objetivo es analizar, mediante un estudio estadístico multivariante, los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de lesión recurrencial en la cirugía del bocio multinodular (BM).

Pacientes y método

Se han revisado de manera retrospectiva 672 BM intervenidos. Se consideró disfonía a la alteración en el tono, timbre o intensidad de la voz a raíz de la intervención quirúrgica y confirmada la parálisis de la cuerda vocal mediante laringoscopia. Si dicha alteración persistía más de 12 meses se consideraba definitiva. Se aplica el test de γ2, el de la t de Student, y un análisis de regresión logística, para determinar las variables de riesgo de lesión recurrencial.

Resultados

Se confirmaron 76 disfonías (11%), lo cual supone un riesgo del 6,3% por nervio recurrente expuesto. La duración media de la disfonía, en los 66 casos (87%), en los cuales ésta fue transitoria, fue de 2,7 ± 2,9 meses (1-12 meses). Los factores de riesgo fueron la presencia de sintomatología derivada del bocio (p = 0,0471), el hipertiroidismo (p = 0,0376), la gradación del bocio (p = 0,0425) y la técnica quirúrgica utilizada (p = 0,0195), persistiendo como factores independientes la técnica quirúrgica y el hipertiroidismo. En 10 pacientes (1,5%) la disfonía persistió como definitiva (0,8% por recurrente expuesto). Las dos variables que se asociaban a su desarrollo fueron la gradación del bocio (p = 0,0481) y el hipertiroidismo (p = 0,0227), persistiendo como factor de riesgo independiente el hipertiroidismo.

Conclusiones

El principal factor de riesgo de lesión recurrencial, tanto transitoria como definitiva, en la cirugía del BM, es que se trate de un bocio tóxico.

Palabras clave:
Bocio multinodular
Disfonía postoperatoria
Factores de riesgo
Hipertiroidismo
Técnica quirúrgica
Objective

Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is the most severe complication in thyroid surgery. However, few multivariate studies have evaluated the impact of its risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in multinodular goiter (MG) surgery through multivariate statistical analysis.

Patients and method

We performed a retrospective review of 672 patients who underwent surgery for MG. Dysphonia was defined as an alteration in the tone, timbre or intensity of the voice due to the surgical intervention. Vocal cord paralysis was confirmed by laryngoscopy. Dysphonia that persisted for more than 12 months was considered permanent. To determine the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, the Chi-squared test, Student’s t-test and logistic regression analysis were used.

Results

There were 76 cases of dysphonia (11%), representing a risk of 6.3% per recurrent nerve exposed. Of these, dysphonia was transitory in 66 patients (87%) with a mean duration of 2.7 ± 2.9 months (1-12 months). Risk factors were the presence of symptoms due to goiter (p = 0.0471), hyperthyroidism (p = 0.0376), goiter grade (p = 0.0425) and the surgical technique used (p = 0.0195). Surgical technique and hyperthyroidism were independent risk factors. In 10 patients (1.5%) dysphonia was permanent (0.8% per recurrent nerve exposed). The two variables associated with permanent dysphonia were goiter grade (p = 0.0481) and hyperthyroidism (p = 0.0227). Hyperthyroidism was an independent risk factor.

Conclusions

The main risk factor for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, both transient and permanent, in MG surgery is whether the goiter is toxic.

Key words:
Multinodular goiter
Postoperative dysphonia
Risk factors
Hyperthyroidism
Surgical technique
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
M. Steurer, C. Passler, D.M. Denk, B. Schneider, B. Niederle, W. Bigenzahn.
Advantages of recurrent laryngeal nerve identification in thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy and the importance of preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopic examination in more than 1,000 nerves at risk.
Laryngoscope, 112 (2002), pp. 124-133
[2.]
O. Thomusch, A. Machens, C. Sekulla, J. Ukkat, H. Bippert, I. Gastinger, H. Dralle.
Multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative complications in benign goiter surgery: prospective multicenter study in Germany.
World J Surg, 24 (2000), pp. 1335-1341
[3.]
R.W. Farrell.
Recovery from bilateral vocal cord paralysis following thyroid surgery.
Br J Surg, 82 (1995), pp. 565
[4.]
D.L. Hurley, H. Gharib.
Evaluation and management of multinodular goiter.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 29 (1996), pp. 527-540
[5.]
J.K. Harness, L. Fung, N.W. Thompson, R.E. Burney, M.K. McLeod.
Total thyroidectomy: complications and technique.
World J Surg, 10 (1986), pp. 781-786
[6.]
H.E. Wagner, C.A. Seiler.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroid gland surgery.
Br J Surg, 81 (1994), pp. 226-228
[7.]
C.A. Seiler, C. Glaser, H.E. Wagner.
Thyroid gland surgery in an endemic region.
World J Surg, 20 (1996), pp. 593-597
[8.]
T. Reeve, N.W. Thompson.
Complications of thyroid surgery: how to avoid them, how to manage them, and observations on their possible effect on the whole patient.
World J Surg, 24 (2000), pp. 971-975
[9.]
A.J. Edis.
Prevention and management of complications associated with thyroid and parathyroid surgery.
Surg Clin North Am, 59 (1979), pp. 83-92
[10.]
A.R. Ready, A.D. Barnes.
Complications of thyroidectomy.
Br J Surg, 81 (1994), pp. 1555-1556
[11.]
N.N. Al Suliman, N.F. Ryttov, N. Qvist, M. Blichert-Toft, H.P. Graversen.
Experience in a specialist thyroid surgery unit: a demographic study, surgical complications and outcome.
Eur J Surg, 163 (1997), pp. 13-20
[12.]
M. Dahan, J. Gaillard, H. Eschapase.
Surgical treatment of goiters with intrathoracic development..
Thoracic surgery: frontiers and uncommon neoplasms. International trends in general thoracic surgery, pp. 5
[13.]
J.A. Sosa, H.M. Bowman, J.M. Tielsch, N.R. Powe, T.A. Gordon, R. Udelsman.
The importance of surgeon experience for clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy.
Ann Surg, 228 (1998), pp. 320-330
[14.]
K.R. Gardiner, C.F. Russell.
Thyroidectomy for large multinodular colloid goitre.
J R Coll Surg Edinb, 40 (1995), pp. 367-370
[15.]
Q. Liu, G. Djuricin, R. Prinz.
Total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease.
Surgery, 123 (1998), pp. 2-7
[16.]
L. Delbridge, A.I. Guinea, T.S. Reeve.
Total thyroidectomy for bilateral benign multinodular goiter.
Arch Surg, 134 (1999), pp. 1389-1393
[17.]
T.S. Reeve, L. Delbridge, A. Cohen, P. Crummer.
Total thyroidectomy: the preferred option for multinodular goiter.
Ann Surg, 206 (1987), pp. 782-786
[18.]
B. Singh, F.E. Lucente, A.R. Shaha.
Substernal goiter: a clinical review.
Am J Otolaryngol, 15 (1994), pp. 409-416
[19.]
G. Torre, G. Borgonovo, A. Amato, A. Arezzo, G. Ansaldo, A. De Negri, et al.
Surgical management of substernal goiter: analysis of 237 patients.
Am Surg, 61 (1995), pp. 826-831
[20.]
D.B. de Roy van Zuidewijn, I. Songun, J. Kievit, C.J. van de Velde.
Complications of thyroid surgery.
Ann Surg Oncol, 2 (1995), pp. 56-60
[21.]
G.S. Sturniolo, C. D’Avila, A. Tonante, E. Gagliano, F. Taranto, M.G. Lo Schiavo.
The recurrent laryngeal nerve related to thyroid surgery.
Am J Surg, 177 (1999), pp. 485-488
[22.]
C.Y. Lo, K.F. Kwok, P.W. Yuen.
A prospective evaluation of recurrent laryngeal nerve parálisis during thyroidectomy.
Arch Surg, 135 (2000), pp. 204-207
[23.]
M. Hermann, K. Keminger, F. Kober, D. Nekahm.
Risikofaktoren der Rekurrensparese. Eine statistische analyse an 7566 struma operationen (Abstract. Aleman).
Chirurg, 62 (1991), pp. 182-188
[24.]
C.R. McHenry, J.J. Piotrowski.
Thyroidectomy in patients with marked thyroid enlargament: airway management, morbidity, and outcome.
Am Surg, 60 (1994), pp. 586-591
[25.]
A. Mishra, A. Agarwal, G. Agarwal, S.K. Mishra.
Total thyroidecotmy for benign thyroid disorders in an endemic region.
World J Surg, 25 (2001), pp. 307-310
[26.]
J. Deus Fombellida, I. Gil Romea, C. García Algara, M.A. Sancho, M.A. Alonso Gotor, M.J. Moreno Mirallas, et al.
Aspectos quirúrgicos de los bocios multinodulares. A propósito de una serie de 680 casos.
Cir Esp, 69 (2001), pp. 25-29
[27.]
S.B. Wilson, E.D. Staren, R.A. Prinz.
Thyroid reoperations: indications and risks.
Am Surg, 64 (1998), pp. 674-679
[28.]
K.E. Levin, A.H. Clark, Q.Y. Duh, M. Demeure, A.E. Siperstein, O.H. Clark.
Reoperative thyroid surgery.
Surgery, 111 (1992), pp. 604-609
[29.]
F. Menegaux, G. Turpin, M. Dahman, L. Leenhardt, R. Chadarevian, A. Aurengo, et al.
Secondary thyroidectomy in patients with prior thyroid surgery for benign disease: a study of 203 cases.
Surgery, 125 (1999), pp. 479-483
[30.]
T.C. Chao, J. Long Bin, L. Jen Der, C. Miin Fu.
Reoperative thyroid surgery.
World J Surg, 21 (1997), pp. 644-647
[31.]
B. Hsu, R.S. Reeve, A.I. Guinea, B. Robinson, L. Delbridge.
Recurrent substernal nodular goiter: incidence and management.
Surgery, 120 (1996), pp. 1072-1075
[32.]
M.H. Wheeler.
Thyroid surgery and the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
[33.]
M.R. Pelizzo, A. Toniato, G. Gemo.
Zuckerkandl’s tuberculum: an arrow pointing to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
J Am Coll Surg, 187 (1998), pp. 333-336
[34.]
M.T. Megherbi, A. Graba, L. Abid, D. Oulmane, M. Saidani, R. Benabadji.
Complications et sequelles de la chirurgie thyroidienne benigne.
J Chir Paris, 129 (1992), pp. 41-46
[35.]
L. Kasemsuwan, S. Nubthuenetr.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: a complication of thyroidectomy.
J Otolaryngol, 26 (1997), pp. 365-367
[36.]
O. Thomusch, C. Sekulla, G. Walls, A. Machens, H. Dralle.
Intraoperative neuromonitoring of surgery for benign goiter.
Am J Surg, 183 (2002), pp. 673-678
[37.]
R.S. Dimov, I.J. Doikov, F.S. Mitov, G.P. Deenichin, I.J. Yovchev.
Intraoperative identification of recurrent laryngeal nerves in thyroid surgery by electrical stimulation.
Folia Med (Plovdiv), 43 (2001), pp. 10-13
Copyright © 2003. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos