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Inicio Cirugía Española Lesiones vasculares abdominales. El desafío del cirujano traumatológico
Información de la revista
Vol. 69. Núm. 4.
Páginas 386-392 (abril 2001)
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Vol. 69. Núm. 4.
Páginas 386-392 (abril 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Lesiones vasculares abdominales. El desafío del cirujano traumatológico
Abdominal Vascular Lesions. A Challenge for the Trauma Surgeon
Visitas
7537
J.A. Asensio1,
, S. Navarro Soto**, W. Forno**, G. Roldán**, L.M. Rivas**, A. Salim***, V. Rowe****, D. Demetriades*****
* Jefe de Servicio de la Unidad A. Associate Professor. Senior Attending Surgeon.
** International Research Fellows.
*** Adjunto de la Unidad A.
**** Jefe de División.
***** Adjunto. Division of Vascular Surgery. Division of Trauma and Critical Care. Department of Surgery. Los Angeles County University of Suthern California Medical Center. EE.UU.
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Resumen
Introducción

Las lesiones vasculares abdominales presentan los mayores índices de mortalidad y morbilidad de entre todas las lesiones que puede sufrir un enfermo traumático.

Método

Revisión de la clínica, diagnóstico, vías de abordaje y tratamiento de los pacientes con lesiones vasculares intraabdominales, basada en la experiencia en el tratamiento de 302 enfermos.

Resultados

Las heridas penetrantes abdominales constituyen entre el 90 y el 95% de las lesiones que afectan a los vasos abdominales. La lesión abdominal multiorgánica es frecuente. Los hallazgos clínicos compatibles con hemoperitoneo o peritonitis y la ausencia de pulsos femorales son tributarios de laparotomía. En los pacientes que presentan paro cardiorrespiratorio se debe realizar una toracotomía de urgencia para el masaje cardíaco abierto y el pinzamiento aórtico. La mortalidad global es del 54% y la exsanguinación representa el 85% de la misma. El síndrome compartimental en el abdomen y en las extremidades, así como el círculo vicioso de la acidosis, la hipotermia y la coagulopatía, son las principales complicaciones.

Conclusiones

Las lesiones vasculares abdominales presentan una alta mortalidad y morbilidad. El conocimiento anatómico del retroperitoneo y de las vías de abordaje de los vasos, así como una exploración clínica adecuada, ayudarán a disminuir las complicaciones y la mortalidad de estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Lesiones vasculares abdominales
Clínica
Tratamiento
Introduction

Among all the injuries suffered by trauma patients, abdominal vascular injuries present the highest rates of mortality and morbidity.

Methods

We performed a clinical review of the diagnosis, surgical approaches and treatment of patients with abdominal vascular injuries. The review was based on our experience of 302 patients presenting this type of injury.

Results

Penetrating injuries accounted for 90-95% of all abdominal vascular injuries. Multiple organ injuries were frequent. Clinical signs of hemoperitoneum and/or peritonitis and the absence of femoral pulses were indications for laparotomy. In patients with cardio-pulmonary arrest, urgent thoracotomy with open cardiac massage and cross clamping of the aorta should be performed. The overall mortality rate was 54%, of which 85% was due to exsanguination. The main complications were compartment syndrome of the abdomen and limbs as well as a chronic cycle of acidosis, hypothermia and coagulopathies.

Conclusions

Abdominal vascular injuries present high mortality and morbidity. Detailed knowledge of retroperitoneal anatomy and of the surgical approaches used to access the vessels, as well as appropriate clinical evaluation, will help to reduce mortality and complication rates in these patients.

Key words:
Abdominal vascular injuries
Diagnosis
Surgical procedures
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Bibliografía
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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