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Inicio Cirugía Española Tratamiento ambulatorio del adenoma único de paratiroides mediante abordaje uni...
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Vol. 70. Núm. 5.
Páginas 222-226 (noviembre 2001)
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Vol. 70. Núm. 5.
Páginas 222-226 (noviembre 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Tratamiento ambulatorio del adenoma único de paratiroides mediante abordaje unilateral
Ambulatory treatment of solitary parathyroid adenoma using the unilateral approach
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6679
E. Larrañaga Barrera1, E. Martín Pérez, P. Cardeñoso Payo, F. Martínez de Paz, B. Doblado Cardellach, L. Domínguez, P.A. Serrano
Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo. Sección de Cirugía Endocrina. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa. Madrid
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Resumen
Introducción

El desarrollo de técnicas de localización preoperatoria, como la gammagrafía con 99mTcsestamibi, ha permitido simplificar la técnica quirúrgica en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario, permitiendo un abordaje unilateral en casos seleccionados. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar prospectivamente los pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo intervenidos con abordaje unilateral y de forma ambulatoria.

Pacientes y método

Estudiamos a 50 pacientes (43 mujeres y 7 varones) con diagnóstico bioquímico de hiperparatiroidismo y captación gammagráfica única sugerente de adenoma solitario de localización cervical que fueron sometidos a exploración unilateral con extirpación del adenoma e identificación de una glándula homolateral normal. Excluimos a los pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo secundario o terciario, historia familiar de hiperparatiroidismo o neoplasia endocrina múltiple, enfermedad tiroidea asociada, cirugías previas sobre tiroides o paratiroides, fosfatasa alcalina mayor de 300 U/l y causas de exclusión clásicas en cirugía mayor ambulatoria. Se estudiaron el tiempo quirúrgico, el número de ingresos, las complicaciones, la histología de las piezas y los resultados de la cirugía, con determinación del calcio y la hormona paratiroidea a las 48 h, al mes y a los 3 meses.

Resultados

La duración media de la cirugía fue de 34,7 ± 17,53 min. Sólo existió un ingreso en la serie. La mortalidad fue nula. Respecto a las complicaciones, no existió ningún caso de sangrado-hematoma ni parálisis recurrencial. Ninguno de los pacientes presentó hipoparatiroidismo permanente y sólo en cinco se apreciaron parestesias ligeras, que cedieron sin necesidad de tratamiento. El diagnóstico anatomopatológico fue adenoma de paratiroides en los 50 casos. En el 100% de los casos se había normalizado la cifra de calcio y hormona paratiroidea al mes y 3 meses de la cirugía.

Conclusiones

El abordaje cervical unilateral realizado de forma ambulatoria es seguro y efectivo en el tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario debido a adenoma solitario, con una baja morbilidad y excelentes resultados. No obstante, siempre se debe realizar una buena selección de los pacientes y poseer una gammagrafía de alta calidad como método de localización preoperatorio.

Palabras clave:
Hiperparatiroidismo
Adenoma paratiroideo
Localización preoperatoria
Exploración unilateral
Cirugía sin ingreso
Cirugía mayor ambulatoria
Introduction

The development of techniques for preoperative localization, such as Tc-99m-sestamibi scanning, has simplified surgical technique in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and has allowed the use of a unilateral approach in selected cases. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate patients with hyperparathyroidism who underwent ambulatory unilateral surgery.

Patients and method

We studied 50 patients (43 women and 7 men) with a biochemical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and single scintigraphic uptake suggestive of solitary adenoma of the cervix. All patients underwent unilateral exploration with resection of the adenoma. The homolateral gland was normal. We excluded patients with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, familial antecedents of hyperparathyroidism or multiple endocrine neoplasia associated thyroid disease, previous thyroid or parathyroid surgery, alkaline phosphate concentrations greater than 300 U/l and classical reasons for exclusion from major ambulatory surgery. Operating time, number of admissions, complications, histological study of surgical samples and the results of surgery were analyzed. Calcium and parathyroid hormone concentra- tions were determined at 48 hours, 1 month and 3 months after surgery.

Results

Mean operating time was 34.7 ± 17.53 minutes. Only one patient from the series was admitted. Mortality was nil. Concerning complications, no cases of bleeding/hematoma or recurrent paralysis were found. None of the patients presented permanent hypoparathyroidism and only five presented slight paresthesias that resolved without treatment. In the 50 patients, histological diagnosis was parathyroid adenoma. In all patients, calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations returned to normal 1 and 3 months after surgery.

Conclusions

Ambulatory unilateral neck exploration is safe and effective in the surgical treatment of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to solitary adenoma. This procedure produces low morbidity and excellent results. Nevertheless, patients should be carefully selected and high-quality scanning should be performed for preoperative localization.

Key words:
Hyperparathyroidism
Parathyroid adenoma
Preoperative localization
Unilateral exploration
Outpatient surgery
Major ambulatory surgery
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Copyright © 2001. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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