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Inicio Cirugía Española Estudio multivariante de los factores de riesgo de lesión del nervio laríngeo ...
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Vol. 73. Núm. 3.
Páginas 148-153 (marzo 2003)
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Vol. 73. Núm. 3.
Páginas 148-153 (marzo 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Estudio multivariante de los factores de riesgo de lesión del nervio laríngeo recurrente en la cirugía del bocio multinodular
Multivariate study of risk factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in multinodular goiter surgery
Visitas
5516
Antonio Ríos Zambudioa,1
Autor para correspondencia
ARZRIOS@teleline.es

Correspondencia: Dr. A. Ríos Zambudio. Avenida de la Libertad, 208. Casillas. 30007 Murcia. España.
, José Manuel Rodríguez Gonzáleza, Pedro José Galindo Fernándeza, María D. Balsalobre Salmeróna, Nuria Torregrosa Péreza, Antonio Piñero Madronaa, Manuel Canteras Jordanab, Pascual Parrilla Paricioa
a Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo I. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. España.
b Departamento de Bioestadística. Facultad de Medicina de Murcia. Murcia. España.
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

La lesión recurrencial es la complicación más grave en la cirugía tiroidea. Sin embargo, existen pocos análisis multivariantes que valoren el impacto de sus factores de riesgo. El objetivo es analizar, mediante un estudio estadístico multivariante, los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de lesión recurrencial en la cirugía del bocio multinodular (BM).

Pacientes y método

Se han revisado de manera retrospectiva 672 BM intervenidos. Se consideró disfonía a la alteración en el tono, timbre o intensidad de la voz a raíz de la intervención quirúrgica y confirmada la parálisis de la cuerda vocal mediante laringoscopia. Si dicha alteración persistía más de 12 meses se consideraba definitiva. Se aplica el test de γ2, el de la t de Student, y un análisis de regresión logística, para determinar las variables de riesgo de lesión recurrencial.

Resultados

Se confirmaron 76 disfonías (11%), lo cual supone un riesgo del 6,3% por nervio recurrente expuesto. La duración media de la disfonía, en los 66 casos (87%), en los cuales ésta fue transitoria, fue de 2,7 ± 2,9 meses (1-12 meses). Los factores de riesgo fueron la presencia de sintomatología derivada del bocio (p = 0,0471), el hipertiroidismo (p = 0,0376), la gradación del bocio (p = 0,0425) y la técnica quirúrgica utilizada (p = 0,0195), persistiendo como factores independientes la técnica quirúrgica y el hipertiroidismo. En 10 pacientes (1,5%) la disfonía persistió como definitiva (0,8% por recurrente expuesto). Las dos variables que se asociaban a su desarrollo fueron la gradación del bocio (p = 0,0481) y el hipertiroidismo (p = 0,0227), persistiendo como factor de riesgo independiente el hipertiroidismo.

Conclusiones

El principal factor de riesgo de lesión recurrencial, tanto transitoria como definitiva, en la cirugía del BM, es que se trate de un bocio tóxico.

Palabras clave:
Bocio multinodular
Disfonía postoperatoria
Factores de riesgo
Hipertiroidismo
Técnica quirúrgica
Objective

Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is the most severe complication in thyroid surgery. However, few multivariate studies have evaluated the impact of its risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in multinodular goiter (MG) surgery through multivariate statistical analysis.

Patients and method

We performed a retrospective review of 672 patients who underwent surgery for MG. Dysphonia was defined as an alteration in the tone, timbre or intensity of the voice due to the surgical intervention. Vocal cord paralysis was confirmed by laryngoscopy. Dysphonia that persisted for more than 12 months was considered permanent. To determine the risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, the Chi-squared test, Student’s t-test and logistic regression analysis were used.

Results

There were 76 cases of dysphonia (11%), representing a risk of 6.3% per recurrent nerve exposed. Of these, dysphonia was transitory in 66 patients (87%) with a mean duration of 2.7 ± 2.9 months (1-12 months). Risk factors were the presence of symptoms due to goiter (p = 0.0471), hyperthyroidism (p = 0.0376), goiter grade (p = 0.0425) and the surgical technique used (p = 0.0195). Surgical technique and hyperthyroidism were independent risk factors. In 10 patients (1.5%) dysphonia was permanent (0.8% per recurrent nerve exposed). The two variables associated with permanent dysphonia were goiter grade (p = 0.0481) and hyperthyroidism (p = 0.0227). Hyperthyroidism was an independent risk factor.

Conclusions

The main risk factor for recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, both transient and permanent, in MG surgery is whether the goiter is toxic.

Key words:
Multinodular goiter
Postoperative dysphonia
Risk factors
Hyperthyroidism
Surgical technique
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