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Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Emergent Central Pancreatectomy for a Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Información de la revista
Vol. 91. Núm. 8.
Páginas 545-546 (octubre 2013)
Vol. 91. Núm. 8.
Páginas 545-546 (octubre 2013)
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Emergent Central Pancreatectomy for a Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Pancreatectomía central de urgencia por traumatismo cerrado de abdomen
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2880
Patricia López Penza
Autor para correspondencia
patricialopezpenza@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Edoardo Rosso, Ettore Marzano, Elie Oussoultzoglou, Philippe Bachellier
Service de Chirurgie Générale, Hépatique et Endocrinienne, Hôpital Universitaire de Hautepierre, Estrasburgo Cedex, France
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The patient was a healthy adolescent who suffered blunt abdominal trauma while skiing (direct impact of the abdomen against a post). He was brought to the emergency department of our hospital by ambulance.

On admission, the patient was hemodynamically stable (blood pressure: 110/70mmHg, HR: 80) with hemoglobin 12g/dl. He presented multiple abdominal erosions with signs of peritoneal irritation.

Abdominal CT scan showed an isolated pancreatic trauma injury (pancreatic hypodensity, enlarged pancreatic body and infiltration of peripancreatic fat), suspicious signs in a section of the pancreatic body and probable active arterial bleeding from the main pancreatic artery (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1.

Abdominal-pelvic CT: pancreatic hypodensity, enlarged body of the pancreas with infiltration of fat. These findings are suspicious for a complete section of the pancreas.

(0.07MB).

The patient underwent emergency laparotomy with bilateral subcostal incision. Abdominal exploration revealed: moderate hemoperitoneum and confirmation of the complete rupture of the duct of Wirsung at the pancreatic isthmus with arterial bleeding at the main pancreatic artery (Fig. 2A); the tail and body of the pancreas were also surrounded by a voluminous hematoma.

Fig. 2.

(A) and (B) Intraoperative view: pancreatic duct completely severed near the pancreatic isthmus with active bleeding from the dorsal pancreatic artery; detail of the pancreas and isthmus after pancreato-gastric anastomosis.

(0.18MB).

We initially achieved hemostasis by compression, followed by the identification and selective control of the hepatic and splenic arteries. Ultrasonic dissection (CUSA®) was used to resect the pancreatic region close to the portal vein with selective control of the duct of Wirsung at the head of the pancreas (Fig. 2B). Distal section of the area was macroscopically healthy.

Digestive continuity was reestablished by means of a pancreato-gastric end-to-side anastomosis with interrupted PDS 5–0 in 2 planes by invagination of the pancreatic stump in the gastric cavity, protected by omentoplasty. The proximal pancreas was protected with a TachoSil® sponge. Cholecystectomy was performed with external transcystic biliary drainage. The duration of the operation was 3h 20min, with no blood transfusion.

The patient presented good post-operative course. Oral uptake was reinitiated on the 7th day with no clinical or test signs of pancreatic fistula. Clinical-biological follow-up continued for 2 years after the intervention, with normal body growth and no signs of either diabetes or exocrine pancreatic failure.

In cases of blunt abdominal trauma, the pancreas is the most exposed of the retroperitoneal organs due to its anatomic position in front of the spinal column. Isolated pancreatic trauma in adolescents is rare (3%–12%).1,2 Frontal trauma (bicycle handles, blow to the epigastrium) can cause a fracture of the pancreas at the junction between the body and tail. The 2 main clinical–radiological elements that determine surgical treatment are: complete pancreatic duct rupture and the presence of active bleeding.

The American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST)3 classifies pancreatic injuries into 5 grades. According to most experts, this classification is a rational guideline of the selection of candidates for surgery, which is recommended in trauma injuries grades iii–v, particularly in cases with active bleeding.

Different surgical options have been proposed in cases of complete pancreatic duct rupture: splenopancreatectomy, caudal pancreatectomy with splenic preservation and fistulization directed by proximal drainage.4

Non-surgical treatment (parenteral nutrition, somatostatin analogs, papillotomy or endoscopic pancreatic prosthesis5) has been proposed in minor grade i and ii pancreatic trauma,6 while pancreatectomy is recommended for major grade iii and iv trauma.

Central pancreatectomy in an adolescent patient is unusual and has never been reported as emergency surgery. Fischer et al.7 published a case of central pancreatectomy in a 16-year-old teenager, in whom pancreatectomy was performed two months after trauma, which had initially been treated conservatively.

Most authors advocate left pancreatectomy with splenic preservation or exeresis8–10 in cases of pancreatic trauma with complete rupture of the pancreatic duct (grade iii).

Central pancreatectomy with pancreato-gastric anastomosis is a valid alternative. This type of surgery achieves preservation of the endocrine and exocrine function of the pancreas as well as the protective role of the spleen.

Central pancreatectomy (with pancreato-gastric anastomosis) in the emergency setting due to isolated trauma in an adolescent is possible, provided that the hemodynamic state is stable.

As we have reported in our case, after a 24-month follow-up, we can confirm good clinical tolerance and the absence of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic failure after surgery.7

This case is the first time a central pancreatectomy was performed in the emergency department on a teenager.

References
[1]
R. Akhrass, M.B. Yaffe, C.P. Brandt, M. Reigle, W.F. Fallon, M.A. Malangoni.
Pancretic trauma: a ten-years multi-institutional experience.
Am Surg, 63 (1997), pp. 598-604
[2]
R. Lochan, G. Sen, A.M. Barret, J. Scott, R.M. Charnley.
Management strategies in isolated pancreatic trauma.
Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 16 (2009), pp. 189-196
[3]
E.E. Moore, T.H. Cogbill, M.A. Malangoni, G.J. Jurkovich, H.R. Champion, T.A. Gennarelli, et al.
Organ injury scaling, II: pancreas, duodenum, small bowel, colon and rectum.
J Trauma, 30 (1990), pp. 1427-1429
[4]
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Operative vs nonoperative management of blunt pancreatic trauma in children.
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[5]
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Use of ERCP to identify the site of traumatic injuries of the main pancreatic duct in children.
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[6]
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Management of blunt pancreatic trauma in children.
Surg Today, 39 (2009), pp. 115-119
[7]
J.C. Fisher, K.A. Kuenzler, L. Bodenstein, J.A. Chabot.
Central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy in children.
J Pediatr Surg, 42 (2007), pp. 740-746
[8]
E.M. Reynolds, A.J. Curnow.
Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for traumatic pancreatic transection.
J Pediatr Surg, 38 (2003), pp. E7-E9
[9]
P. Sayad, R. Cacchione, G. Ferzli.
Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for blunt injury to the pancreas. A case report.
Surg Endosc, 15 (2001), pp. 759
[10]
E. Leva, C. Huscher, H. Rode, G. Fava, M. Napolitano, L. Maestri, et al.
Management of traumatic complete pancreatic fracture in a child: Case report and review of literature.
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 18 (2008), pp. 321-323

Please cite this article as: López Penza P, Rosso E, Marzano E, Oussoultzoglou E, Bachellier P. Pancreatectomía central de urgencia por traumatismo cerrado de abdomen. Cir Esp. 2013;91:545–546.

Copyright © 2013. AEC
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