Información del artículo
Abstract
The majority of epiphrenic diverticula arise due to a peristaltic mechanism caused by an oesophageal motor disturbance that establishes a barrier effect and causes mucosal and submucosal herniation through a weak point in the muscular layer. Intraluminal oesophageal manometry and video-radiology are important in assessing these patients, since they define the characteristics of the functional disorder, as well as the true relationship between the symptoms of the patient and the diverticulum.
Surgical treatment is indicated in symptomatic patients, more so if there are respiratory complications. Left posterolateral thoracotomy followed by diverticulotomy, oesophageal cardiomyotomy, and anti-reflux have been considered the surgery technique of choice. Oesophageal myotomy must go beyond, in a proximal direction, the neck of the diverticulum, and, in a distal direction, must progress 1–2 cm into the gastric wall. The laparoscopic approach has won many followers since it has been shown to be both safe and effective as open surgery, adding to the advantages of minimally invasive surgery.
Keywords:
Epiphrenic diverticulum
Surgical treatment
Thoracoscopic surgery
Laparoscopic surgery
Resumen
La mayoría de los divertículos epifrénicos surgen por un mecanismo de pulsión debido a un trastorno motor esofágico que determina un efecto barrera y ocasiona la herniación mucosa y submucosa a través de un punto débil de la capa muscular. La manometría intraluminal esofágica y la videorradiología resultan importantes en la valoración de estos pacientes ya que definen las características del trastorno funcional, así como la verdadera relación entre los síntomas del paciente y el divertículo.
El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado en los sujetos sintomáticos, más aún si se han producido complicaciones respiratorias. La toracotomía posterolateral izquierda, seguida de diverticulectomía, cardiomiotomía esofágica y antirreflujo, ha sido considerada la técnica quirúrgica de elección. La miotomía esofágica debe sobrepasar, en sentido proximal, el cuello del divertículo y, en sentido distal, debe progresar 1–2 cm en la pared gástrica. El abordaje laparoscópico ha ganado numerosos adeptos, pues se ha mostrado tan seguro y eficaz como la vía abierta y suma las ventajas de la cirugía mínimamente invasiva
Palabras clave:
Divertículo epifrénico
Tratamiento quirúrgico
Cirugía toracoscópica
Cirugía laparoscópica
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