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Vol. 89. Núm. 5.
Páginas 290-299 (mayo 2011)
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Vol. 89. Núm. 5.
Páginas 290-299 (mayo 2011)
Acceso a texto completo
Factors affecting the postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. New controversies with one centre's experience
Factores que afectan a la recurrencia postoperatoria de la enfermedad de Crohn. Nuevas controversias a través de la experiencia de un centro
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Marta Seoane Vigoa,*, Jorge Pérez Grobasb, María Berdeal Díazb, María Carral Freireb, Alberto Bouzón Alejandrob, Alba Gómez Dovigob, Marlén Alvite Canosaa, Leticia Alonso Fernándeza, Sonia Pértega Díazc
a Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Departamento de Cirugía General, Complejo Hospitalario Xeral-Calde de Lugo, Lugo, Spain
b Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Departamento de Cirugía General A del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
c Unidad de Epidemiología clínica y Estadística del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Many patients with Crohn's disease have frequent recurrences, while others have long periods of remission after surgery. Determination of the risk factors of recurrence would be useful in identifying these high risk patients and to adopt suitable strategies during the surgical act and in the choice of post-surgical medical treatment.

Material and methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 78 patients with ileocolic Crohn's disease subjected to a first surgical resection, during the period from January 2000 to December 2005. The risk factors for endoscopic, radiological and surgical were subsequently analysed up to May 2009.

Results

A total of 41 patients (52.6%) had recurrences, being endoscopic in 17 (21.8%) of patients, radiological in 12 (15.4%) and surgical in 12 (15.4%). The mean time to first recurrence was 70.24 months. Recurrence was associated more to not performing anastomosis (77.7% vs 48.2%) during surgical resection. Although only the existence of postoperative complications (P=.018) was significantly associated with (68.4% vs 47.4%), as well as with the need for transfusion in the immediate post-operative period (67.8% vs 42.8%).

Conclusions

Transfusion of blood products is a risk factor for postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. But only postoperative complications are shown as an independent risk factor in the multivariate analysis. An adequate and safe surgical technique is a very important perioperative factor over which we have the influence to decrease these recurrences.

Keywords:
Crohn's disease
Postoperative recurrence
Risk factors
Surgical treatment
Resumen
Introducción

Muchos pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn presentan recurrencias frecuentes mientras otros mantienen periodos prolongados de remisión después de la cirugía. Determinar los factores de riesgo de recidiva puede ser útil para identificar pacientes de alto riesgo y poder adoptar estrategias adecuadas durante el acto quirúrgico y en la elección del tratamiento médico postoperatorio.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de 78 pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn ileocólica sometidos a una primera cirugía resectiva durante el periodo de enero de 2000 a diciembre de 2005; posteriormente se han estudiado los factores de riesgo de recurrencia endoscópica, radiológica y quirúrgica hasta mayo de 2009.

Resultados

41 pacientes (52,6%) tuvieron recurrencia; siendo en 17 pacientes (21,8%) endoscópica, en 12 (15,4%) radiológica y en 12 (15,4%) quirúrgica. El tiempo medio de la primera recurrencia es de 70,24 meses. El no realizar anastomosis durante la cirugía resectiva parece tener más relación con la existencia de recidiva (77,7% vs. 48,2%). Aunque solo la existencia de complicaciones postoperatorias (p = 0,018) tiene relación significativa con la existencia de recurrencia (68,4% vs. 47,4%) así como la necesidad de transfusión en el periodo postoperatorio inmediato (67,8% vs. 42,8%).

Conclusiones

La transfusión de hemoderivados es un factor de riesgo para la recurrencia postoperatoria de la enfermedad de Crohn. Pero solo las complicaciones postoperatorias se muestran como factor de riesgo independiente en el análisis multivariable. Una técnica quirúrgica adecuada y segura es un factor perioperatorio muy importante en el que podemos influir para disminuir esta recidiva.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Crohn
Recurrencia postoperatoria
Factores de riesgo
Tratamiento quirúrgico
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