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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis Inhibidores de la proteína transferidora de ésteres de colesterol. ¿Cuál es ...
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Vol. 22. Núm. S1.
Jornada sobre HDL
Páginas 55-58 (abril 2010)
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Vol. 22. Núm. S1.
Jornada sobre HDL
Páginas 55-58 (abril 2010)
Jornada sobre HDL
Acceso a texto completo
Inhibidores de la proteína transferidora de ésteres de colesterol. ¿Cuál es su futuro?
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors: what is their future?
Visitas
5948
E. Ros
Unidad de Lípidos, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, España
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Resumen

Hay numerosos argumentos que apoyan la necesidad de aumentar el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (cHDL), que van desde las evidencias científicas de que las cifras bajas son un potente factor de riesgo cardiovascular a las que indican que incluso los aumentos moderados de cHDL asociados al tratamiento hipolipidemiante convencional se relacionan con una reducción del riesgo. Por ello, el futuro de cualquier fármaco que aumente el cHDL de forma eficaz y segura es prometedor. Tras el fracaso del torcetrapib por efectos adversos graves no relacionados con el mecanismo de inhibición de la proteína transferidora de ésteres de colesterol (CETP), están en desarrollo 2 nuevos inhibidores de la CETP, dalcetrapib (Roche) y anacetrapib (Merck). El dalcetrapib, en una fase más avanzada de estudios clínicos, aumenta el cHDL cerca de un 35%, carece de interacciones farmacológicas, no modifica la presión arterial y no activa el eje reninaangiotensina-aldosterona. Además, en un modelo experimental de transporte reverso del colesterol, el dalcetrapib ha demostrado una eficacia superior a la del torcetrapib, que aumenta el cHDL unas 3 veces más. Finalmente, hay un ambicioso programa de estudios clínicos fase III para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del dalcetrapib en la prevención secundaria de la enfermedad cardíaca coronaria, la mejoría de la función endotelial y la estabilización de placas de ateroma. Se espera que los resultados de estos estudios demuestren en el próximo futuro el potencial terapéutico de los nuevos inhibidores de la CETP en la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular mediante el aumento de HDL plenamente funcionales en el transporte reverso del colesterol.

Palabras clave:
Riesgo cardiovascular
cHDL
Inhibidores de la CETP
Dalcetrapib
Anacetrapib
Abstract

Several arguments support the need to increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), ranging from scientific evidence that low concentrations are a potent cardiovascular risk factor to findings that indicate that even moderate increases in HDL-c associated with conventional lipid-lowering treatment reduce cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the future of any drug that increases HD L-c safely and effectively is promising. After the failure of torcetrapib due to severe adverse effects unrelated to the mechanism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibition, two new CETP inhibitors, dalcetrapib (Roche) and anacetrapib (Merck), are under development. Dalcetrapib, which is in a more advanced phase of clinical trials, increases HDL-c by nearly 35% and lacks significant pharmacological interactions. At therapeutic doses, the drug has shown neither clinically significant increases in blood pressure nor activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Moreover, dalcetrapib was more effective than torcetrapib to enhance reverse cholesterol transport in an animal model, although torcetrapib was more than three times as effective in increasing HDL-c. Finally, there is an ambitious program of phase III studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dalcetrapib in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, improvement of endothelial function and stabilization of atheroma plaques. Hopefully, in the near future the results of these studies will show the therapeutic potential of the new CETP inhibitors in reducing cardiovascular risk through an increase of HD L fully functional in reverse cholesterol transport.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular risk
HDL cholesterol
CETP inhibitors
Dalcetrapib
Anacetrapib
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis y Elsevier España S.L.
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