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Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Empleo de suplementos nutricionales orales basado en la evidencia
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Vol. 52. Núm. S1.
Nutrición basada en la evidencia
Páginas 34-40 (mayo 2005)
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Vol. 52. Núm. S1.
Nutrición basada en la evidencia
Páginas 34-40 (mayo 2005)
Nutrición basada en la evidencia
Acceso a texto completo
Empleo de suplementos nutricionales orales basado en la evidencia
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M.A. Valero Zanuy
Autor para correspondencia
mleon@h12o.es

Correspondencia: Dra. M.A. Valero Zanuy. Unidad de Nutrición Clínica. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Avda. Andalucía, km 5,400. 28042 Madrid. España.
, M. León Sanz
Unidad de Nutrición Clínica. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid. España
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El objetivo principal a la hora de prescribir cualquier modalidad de soporte es mejorar el estado nutricional. Las indicaciones y el beneficio del uso de suplementos nutricionales asociados a la dieta oral no están del todo bien definidos. El objetivo es realizar una revisión basada en la evidencia sobre diferentes aspectos del uso de suplementos nutricionales orales. Esta revisión analiza: a) la definición de suplemento nutricional; b) los criterios de selección y clasificación de éstos; c) las posibles formas de administración, y d) el beneficio de su uso en diferentes enfermedades. Se han considerado los 84 estudios aleatorizados revisados en el artículo de la revista Clinical Nutrition de diciembre de 1999. Además, se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en MEDLINE (PudMed) y en el registro de ensayos clínicos prospectivos y aleatorizados de la biblioteca Cochrane, acotada a los años 2000 - 2004. De esta forma, se han obtenido 134 artículos más, de los cuales únicamente 4 son estudios prospectivos y aleatorizados (EPA) y 1 es un metaanálisis. El criterio de inclusión fundamental ha sido incluir los EPA sobre el uso de suplementos en cirugía, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), hepatopatía crónica, fibrosis quística, sida y ancianos. La propia definición de suplemento nutricional, así como los criterios de selección, clasificación y forma de administración, están basados en la opinión de expertos con un nivel de evidencia V. En relación con el beneficio de los suplementos nutricionales en diferentes enfermedades, en la bibliografía existe un nivel de evidencia I-II para recomendar su uso en cirugía, EPOC, hepatopatía crónica, fibrosis quística y sida, así como en la población anciana en diferentes aspectos relacionados con este tipo de pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Suplemento nutricional oral
Cirugía
EPOC
Hepatopatía
Fibrosis quística
Sida
Anciano
Abstract

The main objective when prescribing any form of nutritional support is to improve nutritional status. The indications and benefits of the use of enteral supplements are not well defined. The present article aims to provide an evidence-based review of various factors related to the use of enteral supplements. This review analyzes: a) the definition of nutritional supplement, b) the criteria for selection and classification of nutritional supplements, c) the possible forms of administration, and d) the benefits of their use in distinct diseases. The 84 randomized controlled trials discussed in a review published in Clinical Nutrition in December 1999 were used. In addition, a search was performed in Medline (PubMed) and the Cochrane Library Controlled Trials Register for articles published between 2000 and 2004. This search yielded a further 134 articles, of which only four were prospective randomized trials and one was a meta-analysis. The main inclusion criteria was selection of prospective randomized trials on the use of supplements in surgery, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic liver disease, cystic fibrosis, AIDS, and the elderly. The definition of nutritional supplements, as well as the criteria for selection, classification and form of administration, is based on expert opinion with level 5 evidence. Concerning the benefits of nutritional supplements in various diseases there is level I evidence for recommending their use in surgery, COPD, chronic liver disease, cystic fibrosis and in a variety of disorders affecting the elderly.

Key words:
Enteral supplements
Surgery
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Liver disease
Cystic fibrosis
HIV/AIDS
The elderly
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Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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