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Vol. 51. Núm. 9.
Páginas 524-527 (noviembre 2004)
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Vol. 51. Núm. 9.
Páginas 524-527 (noviembre 2004)
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Identificación del polimorfismo P1 en el gen GH1 en 2 hermanos con déficit de hormona del crecimiento
Identification Of The P1 Polymorphism In The Gh1 Gene In Two Siblings With Growth Hormone Deficiency
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I. Serranoa,*, T. Martína, C. Quinteirob, C. Camposa, R. Fernándeza, A. Torresa, M. Díaza, E. Herreraa
a Servicio de Endocrinologíoa y Nutrición. Hospital Virgen Macarena. Sevilla. España
b Unidad de Medicina Molecular (INGO). Hospital Clínico Universitario. Santiago de Compostela. La Coruña. España
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Growth hormone (GH) deficiency has a prevalence of 1/4000-15000 and most cases are idiopathic. Recently, molecular modifications in the genes that regulate the somatotropic axis have been described. Some of these modifications have been correlated with GH secretion and short stature. A particular modification is the polymorphism of intron 4 in the GH1 gene named P1 (A or T at base 1663). Recent studies demonstrate that the frequency of allele A is significantly higher in patients with GH deficiency. Moreover, patients with the A/A genotype show a significantly lower GH peak after stimulation, lower IGF-I levels and shorter stature than individuals with the T/T genotype. We report the case of two siblings with isolated GH deficiency, diagnosed by auxological criteria as well as lower GH response to pharmacological stimuli. Both children showed P1 polymorphism. They also had homozygous -4 polymorphism (SNP rs6173) and one of them had heterozygous -68 polymorphism (SNP rs6171, chi-like element), although these alterations are not associated with abnormalities in GH secretion. Neither of them had the 6.7 kb deletion which affects the GH gene and which is the most frequent deletion in familial GH deficiency with phenotype IA. Both patients showed a good response to GH replacement therapy.

Key words:
Growth hormone
Growth hormone deficiency
Polymorphism

El déficit de hormona del crecimiento (GH) tiene una prevalencia de 1/4.000-15.000 habitantes y en la mayoría de los casos se trata de un déficit idiopático. En los últimos años se han identificado alteraciones moleculares en los genes que regulan el eje somatotropo, algunas de las cuales se han relacionado con el estado secretorio de GH y con la talla. Ese es el caso del polimorfismo en el intrón 4 del gen GH1 llamado P-1 (A o T en la base 1663). Recientes estudios demuestran que la frecuencia del alelo A es significativamente superior en los pacientes con déficit de GH. Además, los pacientes con genotipo A/A muestran un pico máximo de GH tras estímulos, valores de factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina (IGF-I) y talla significativamente inferiores a los de los pacientes con genotipo T/T. Presentamos el caso de 2 hermanos diagnosticados de déficit aislado de GH tanto por criterios auxológicos como por la escasa respuesta de GH a estímulos farmacológicos. En ambos se identificó por estudio genético el polimorfismo P1 del intrón 4 del gen GH1, en uno en homocigosis y en otro en heterocigosis. También se identificó en ambos el polimorfismo 4 en homocigosis (SNP rs6173) y en uno de ellos el polimorfismo 68 (SNP rs6171, elemento Chi-like) en heterocigosis, si bien éstos no se asocian a ninguna anormalidad en la secreción de GH. Ninguno de ellos presentó la deleción de 6,7 kb, que engloba el gen GH1, que es la deleción más frecuente en los déficit familiares de GH con fenotipo IA. En ambos casos se instauró un tratamiento sustitutivo con GH con buena respuesta al tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Hormona del crecimiento
Deficiencia de hormona del crecimiento
Polimorfismo
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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