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Vol. 54. Núm. 5.
Páginas 259-264 (mayo 2007)
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Vol. 54. Núm. 5.
Páginas 259-264 (mayo 2007)
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Pubertad precoz
Early puberty
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Amaia Vela Desojo
Autor para correspondencia
avela@hcru.osakidetza.net

Correspondencia: Dra. A. Vela Desojo. Endocrinología Infantil. Hospital de Cruces. Plaza de Cruces, s/n. 48903 Barakaldo. Vizcaya. España.
, Pedro Martul Tobío, Itxaso Rica Etxebarría, Aníbal Aguayo Calcenas
Sección de Endocrinología Infantil. Servicio de Pediatría. Hospital de Cruces. Barakaldo. Vizcaya. España
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En Europa la pubertad precoz se define como la aparición de los caracteres sexuales secundarios antes de los 8 años en niñas y de los 9 años en varones.

La pubertad precoz central (PPC) es dependiente de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropinas (GnRH) que presenta concentraciones elevadas tanto de gonadotropinas como de esteroides sexuales. El orden de aparición de los caracteres sexuales secundarios es igual que en la pubertad fisiológica. Se produce un aumento en la velocidad de crecimiento con avance en la edad ósea. En niñas suele ser idiopática pero en más de la mitad de los niños es secundaria a alteración orgánica. La pubertad precoz periférica (PPP) es independiente de GnRH y cursa con concentraciones elevadas de esteroides sexuales e inhibición de gonadotropinas. Habrá que hacer diferentes estudios de imagen y hormonales para llegar al diagnóstico. En el caso de PPC el tratamiento son los análogos de GnRH que inhiben la liberación de las gonadotropinas y hacen regresar la maduración gonadal. El vello púbico se modifica poco. La velocidad de crecimiento se reduce y disminuye la maduración ósea mejorando la talla final. Es un tratamiento eficaz y no hay efectos secundarios demostrados a largo plazo. Se recomienda suspender el tratamiento cuando la edad ósea no supere los 12 años. La menarquia aparece a los 6-18 meses tras suspender el tratamiento. En pubertades tempranas no hay mejoría de la talla final con el tratamiento. En la PPP el tratamiento y el seguimiento son diferentes dependiendo de su etiología.

Palabras clave:
Pubertad precoz
Pubertad precoz central
Pubertad precoz periférica
Agonistas de la hormona liberadora de gonadotropinas
Etiología
Tratamiento
Efectos secundarios

In Europe precocious puberty is defined as the presence of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 in girls and before the age of 9 in boys. Central precocious puberty (CPP) depends on gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and is associated with high levels of gonadotropins and sexual steroids. The order of appearance of secondary sexual characteristics is identical to that in physiological puberty. Growth velocity and bone maturity are increased. Most cases in girls are idiopathic but more than half of cases in boys are due to organic disease. Peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) is independent of GnRH and shows high levels of sexual steroids and gonadotropin inhibition. To establish a diagnosis of PPP, various imaging and laboratory studies are required. In CPP, treatment consists of GnRH analogues that inhibit gonadotropin secretion and lead to regression of sexual maturity. However, this treatment has little effect on pubic hair. Both growth velocity and bone maturity diminish, which improves final height. GnRH analogues are an effective treatment with no long-term adverse effects. Most authors recommend stopping treatment when bone age is about 12 years. Menarche occurs approximately 6-18 months after treatment withdrawal. In early puberty, treatment does not improve final height. In PPP, treatment and followup differ, depending on the etiology.

Key words:
Precocious puberty
Central precocious puberty
Peripheral precocious puberty
Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues
Etiology
Treatment
Adverse effects
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Copyright © 2007. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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