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Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Síndrome de intestino corto en adultos. Tratamiento nutricional
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Vol. 51. Núm. 4.
Páginas 163-172 (abril 2004)
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Vol. 51. Núm. 4.
Páginas 163-172 (abril 2004)
Acceso a texto completo
Síndrome de intestino corto en adultos. Tratamiento nutricional
The short bowel syndrome in adults. nutritional treatment
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89466
A. Rodríguez*, G. Cánovas
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Nuestra Señora de Alarcos. Ciudad Real. España
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El síndrome de intestino corto es un cuadro clínico caracterizado por hipoabsorción grave que aparece fundamentalmente tras resecciones intestinales extensas. Como complicaciones fundamentales, produce diarrea, desnutrición, pérdida de peso, deshidratación y déficit de electrolitos, vitaminas y oligoelementos. En el intestino se producen cambios adaptativos para aumentar la absorción de nutrientes. Mientras tanto, los enfermos precisarán un soporte nutricional adecuado, inicialmente con nutrición parenteral total, y algunos la necesitarán toda la vida. Los avances en el campo de la nutrición han mejorado el pronóstico de estos pacientes.

Se están estudiando también diversas técnicas quirúrgicas. La más desarrollada es el trasplante intestinal, aunque, debido a su alta morbimortalidad, todavía está indicado sólo en los pacientes con síndrome de intestino corto que precisen mantenerse con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria y hayan desarrollado complicaciones importantes relacionadas con ésta o con el fallo intestinal.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de intestino corto
Tratamiento nutricional
Adaptación intestinal
Trasplante intestinal

The short bowel syndrome is a clinical entity characterized by severe malabsorption that appears mainly after extensive bowel resections. The main complications are diarrhea, malnutrition, weight loss, dehydration, and electrolyte, vitamin and trace element deficiency.

Adaptive changes take place in the bowel to increase nutrient absorption. Meanwhile, patients require adequate nutritional support, initially with parenteral nutrition. Some of these patients will require lifelong parental nutrition. Advances in our knowledge of nutrition have improved the prognosis of these patients.

Several surgical techniques are currently under study. The most highly developed of these is bowel transplantation. However, given its high morbidity and mortality, it is still recommended only in patients requiring home parenteral nutrition and who have developed serious complications related to this technique or who show bowel failure.

Key words:
Short bowel syndrome
Nutritional support
Intestinal adaptation
Bowel transplantation
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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