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Vol. 56. Núm. S1.
Puesta al día en hiperparatiroidismo primario
Páginas 8-13 (abril 2009)
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Vol. 56. Núm. S1.
Puesta al día en hiperparatiroidismo primario
Páginas 8-13 (abril 2009)
Acceso a texto completo
Manifestaciones clínicas y formas asintomáticas del hiperparatiroidismo primario
Clinical manifestations and asymptomatic forms of primary hyperparathyroidism
Visitas
3972
José Manuel Gómez Sáez
Autor para correspondencia
jmgs@bellvitgehospital.cat

Correspondencia: Dr. J.M. Gómez Sáez. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
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El perfil clínico del hiperparatiroidismo primario (HP) ha variado mucho, especialmente desde que se introdujeron los autoanalizadores en el laboratorio, con lo que el calcio se determina con más frecuencia y, además, se detecta un gran número de hipercalcemias, de cuyas causas las más frecuentes son el HP y las relacionadas con los cánceres. Todo esto ha modificado la prevalencia de las manifestaciones clínicas y hoy día la presencia de litiasis renal recidivante se observa en el 20% de los casos y las lesiones óseas, incluso las más sutiles, son poco frecuentes; de todos modos, es difícil diferenciar y establecer los límites entre el HP sintomático y asintomático, y en muchos de los casos asintomáticos la enfermedad, como hipercalcemia grave, enfermedad ósea, hipercalciuria y/o nefrolitiasis, nunca progresará.

Una de las cuestiones importantes que se plantea es si los casos que no presentan manifestaciones clásicas de HP se beneficiarían de la intervención quirúrgica, ya que, además de los no tratados quirúrgicamente, muchos interrumpen el seguimiento entre los 5 y los 10 años, y hay que tener en cuenta que el coste económico del seguimiento es superior al de la intervención quirúrgica. Los no intervencionistas se basan en la falta de progresión de muchos casos y en la posibilidad de tratamientos alternativos.

Palabras clave:
Hiperparatiroidismo primario
Hiperparatiroidismo primario asintomático
Hipercalcemia
Parathormona
Nefrolitiasis

The clinical profile of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has changed considerably, especially since the introduction of autoanalyzers in the laboratory, allowing calcium to be determined more frequently and a large number of cases of hypercalcemia to be detected. The most frequent causes are PHPT and cancer-related hypercalcemia. All of these factors have modified the prevalence of the clinical manifestations and currently the presence of recurrent kidney stones is observed in 20% of patients, while bone lesions, even the most subtle, are infrequent. Differentiating and establishing the limits between symptomatic and asymptomatic PHPT is difficult and many asymptomatic cases will never show disease progression, such as severe hypercalcemia, bone disease, hypercalciuria and/or kidney stones. An important question is whether patients not showing the classical manifestations of PHPT will benefit from surgery. This question is all the more important since, among patients not surgically treated, many are lost to follow-up after 5 to 10 years and the cost of follow-up exceeds that of surgery. Those against intervention base their arguments on the lack of progression in many patients and the possibility of alternative treatments.

Key words:
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Parathormone
Nephrolithiasis
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