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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Darunavir en pacientes avanzados con multirresistencias. Estudios POWER, DUET y ...
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Vol. 26. Núm. S10.
Darunavir
Páginas 23-31 (octubre 2008)
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Vol. 26. Núm. S10.
Darunavir
Páginas 23-31 (octubre 2008)
Acceso a texto completo
Darunavir en pacientes avanzados con multirresistencias. Estudios POWER, DUET y BENCHMRK
Darunavir in patients with advanced HIV and multiresistance. The POWER, DUET and BENCHMRK studies
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Piedad Arazo Garcésa,
Autor para correspondencia
parazo@salud.argon.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Paseo Isabel La Católica, 1-3. 50009 Zaragoza. España.
, Teresa Omiste Sanvicenteb
a Servicio de Medicina Interna. Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza. España
b Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza. España
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Darunavir (DRV) es un nuevo inhibidor de proteasa (IP) muy activo frente a cepas del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) salvajes y multirresistentes, que se une firmemente a la proteasa del VIH-1, presenta una potente afinidad por la proteasa, y potenciado con una dosis subterapéutica de ritonavir tiene un perfil de resistencias favorable y no coincidente con los IP actuales.

En los ensayos clínicos en fase IIb (estudios POWER 1 y 2), tras determinar la dosis óptima, se observó su gran eficacia virológica e inmunológica muy superior a la de los IP con los que se comparó. Los resultados del estudio en fase III (POWER 3) ratifican de nuevo la eficacia y seguridad de DRV, y los 3 estudios POWER demuestran su elevada barrera genética frente a las mutaciones que confieren resistencias a otros IP, aunque la sensibilidad basal de DRV y las mutaciones específicas a este IP influyen en su respuesta virológica.

Se ha demostrado que cuando hay 2 o más antirretrovirales activos frente al VIH con multirresistencias se obtienen mejores respuestas terapéuticas. En los estudios en fase III (DUET 1 y DUET 2) en los que se administra junto con un nuevo inhibidor de la transcriptasa inversa, la etravirina, se observa que si se administran estos 2 fármacos en pacientes con alta experiencia en el tratamiento antirretroviral puede conseguirse, en una elevada proporción de casos, la supresión de la viremia plasmática y la recuperación inmunológica. Estos datos se ratifican con los resultados de los estudios BENCHMRK, en los que el DRV estaba incluido en el tratamiento optimizado en un importante número de pacientes. En estos ensayos se observó que cuando se administraba con el inhibidor de la integrasa, el raltegravir, la indetectabilidad tanto en la rama del raltegravir como en la del control mejoraba de forma importante respecto a los resultados globales de la rama control.

Palabras clave:
Infección VIH
Multirresistencia
Darunavir
Etravirina
Raltegravir

Darunavir is a new protease inhibitor. This drug is highly active against wild-type and multiresistant HIV strains, binds strongly to the HIV-1 protease, has extremely high affinity for the protease and, when enhanced by subtherapeutic doses of ritonavir, has a favorable resistance profile differing from that of current protease inhibitors (PIs).

After determining the optimal dose, phase IIb clinical trials (POWER studies 1 and 2) observed much higher virological and immunological efficacy with darunavir than with the comparator PIs. The results of a phase III clinical trial (POWER 3) provide further support for the safety and efficacy of darunavir, and the three POWER studies demonstrate the high genetic barrier of this drug against mutations conferring resistance to other PIs, although the baseline sensitivity of darunavir and the specific mutations to this PI influence the virological response.

Better therapeutic responses have been obtained when there are two or more antiretroviral drugs active against multiresistant HIV strains. The phase III trials (DUET 1 and 2), in which darunavir was administered with the new nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, etravirine, found that if these two drugs were administered in highly treatment-experienced patients, a large percentage showed suppression of plasma viremia and immunological recovery. These data have been supported by the results of the BENCHMARK studies, in which darunavir was included in an optimized regimen in a substantial number of patients. In these trials, when darunavir was administered with the integrase inhibitor, raltegravir, undetectable viral loads both in the raltegravir arm and in the control group were substantially improved with respect to the overall results obtained in the control group.

Key words:
HIV infection
Multiresistance
Darunavir
Etravirin
Raltegravir
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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