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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Incidencia de colonización e infección por Acinetobacter baumannii en una UCI ...
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Vol. 20. Núm. 5.
Páginas 194-199 (mayo 2002)
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Vol. 20. Núm. 5.
Páginas 194-199 (mayo 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Incidencia de colonización e infección por Acinetobacter baumannii en una UCI con situación de endemia. Análisis de factores de riesgo mediante un estudio de vigilancia
Incidence of colonization and infection by Acinetobacter baumannii in an endemic seting (ICU). Analysis of risk factors
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Antonio Martínez-Pellús1
Autor para correspondencia
microbiologia@ctv.es

Correspondencia:Dr. A. Martínez Pellús. Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca. Servicio de UCI. Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n. 30120 El sPalmar. Murcia.
, Joaquín Ruiz Gómez, Francisco Jaime Sánchez, Encarna Simarro Córdoba, Juan Antonio Fernández Lozano
Servicios de UCI y Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. España
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Bibliografía
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Fundamento

El progresivo incremento de infecciones por Acinetobacter baumannii complex en nuestro servicio, hasta constituir una endemia estable desde 1995, agravada por un alto nivel de resistencias, llevó a plantear el siguiente estudio prospectivo para establecer la incidencia de colonización por Acinetobacter, el papel de los posibles factores de riesgo y su relación con la colonización ambiental.

Métodos

Toma secuencial de muestras de vigilancia a todos los ingresos, hasta el alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Toma de muestras ambientales y del personal sanitario. Monitorización de factores de riesgo preestablecidos y detección de los episodios infecciosos.

Resultados

El 30% de los pacientes fueron colonizados durante su estancia, siendo las localizaciones más frecuentes la traqueal (43%), rectal (31%) y cutánea (35%). En el 92% de los casos la colonización se estableció en los primeros 9 días de estancia. Los factores de riesgo significativos fueron la ventilación mecánica (p ??0,01) y el uso previo de antibióticos (p ??0,007). El microorganismo se aisló en termómetros (35%), mandos de los respiradores (43%) y superficies hómedas (54%). El 8% de pacientes se infectaron, todos ellos previamente colonizados.

Conclusiones

En situación de endemia, la colonización por Acinetobacter puede afectar a un tercio de los ingresos. Esto es relativamente rápido y con frecuencia precede a una infección. La duración de la ventilación mecánica y el uso previo de antibiótico son los principales factores de riesgo. Los reservorios ambientales son frecuentes en estas situaciones, aunque el principal lo constituyen los pacientes colonizados.

Palabras clave:
Acinetobacter baumannii
Factores de riesgo
Colonización
Background

Our ICU has witnessed a gradual increase in infections due to Acinetobacter baumannii complex that has reached a level of stable endemia since 1995. This situation, aggravated by a high degree of resistance, has led to the present prospective study, designed to establish the incidence of Acinetobacter colonization and to investigate the role of risk factors and their relation to environmental colonization.

Methods

Serial sampling of all patients from the time of ICU admission to discharge. Sample collection from the environment and from hospital personnel. Monitorization of pre-established risk factors and detection of episodes of infection.

Results

One-third of patients were colonized during their stay, with the trachea (43%), rectum (31%), and skin (35%) being the most frequent sites. In 92% of cases, colonization was established within the first 9 days after admission. Significant risk factors included mechanical ventilation (p ??0.01) and previous use of antibiotics (p ??0.007). Acinetobacter was recovered from thermometers (35%), respirator switches (43%), and damp surfaces (54%). Infection developed in 8% of patients; all had been previously colonized.

Conclusions

In an endemic setting, Acinetobacter colonization can occur in a third of ICU patients. This event is relatively early and often precedes infection. Duration of mechanical ventilation and previous use of antibiotics are the main risk factors. Environmental elements are frequent bacterial reservoirs, but the main reservoir is the colonized patient.

Key words:
Acinetobacter baumannii
Risk factors
Colonization
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Copyright © 2002. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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