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El amplio campo de las infecciones osteoarticulares representa un enorme reto para los microbiólogos y los clínicos que se enfrentan a ellas. A pesar de décadas de investigación y experiencia sobre estas infecciones, permanecen sin resolver cuestiones básicas, especialmente en el terreno del tratamiento. A diferencia de la mayor parte de las infecciones bacterianas, que pueden tratarse con protocolos relativamente sencillos, las infecciones osteoarticulares no son fáciles de tratar y su abordaje requiere una planificación adecuada, generalmente multidisciplinar, en la que el infectólogo y el microbiólogo deben conocer la patogenia y la clasificación de las diferentes entidades clínicas para integrar de manera adecuada sus conocimientos sobre microbiología y antibioticoterapia. A la difícil sistematización y estudio de la enfermedad osteoarticular séptica hay que añadir las dificultades que, en el terreno del tratamiento, comporta el incremento de las resistencias en las bacterias grampositivas, auténticas protagonistas de estas infecciones. Por ello, revisaremos el papel de nuevos antimicrobianos con actividad frente a bacterias grampositivas multirresistentes —con especial énfasis en linezolid y daptomicina—, así como el de viejos antimicrobianos todavía útiles en el tratamiento de estas complejas enfermedades.
Palabras clave:
Osteomielitis
Artritis séptica
Prótesis articulares
Linezolid
Daptomicina
Estafilococos resistentes
The wide variety of bone and joint infections represents an enormous challenge for microbiologists and clinicians dealing with these entities. Despite decades of research and experience of these infections, basic questions remain unresolved, especially in the field of therapeutics. Unlike most bacterial infections, which can be managed with relatively simple protocols, bone and joint infections are not easy to treat and their approach requires adequate planning – generally multidisciplinary – in which infectious disease specialists and microbiologists should determine the pathogenesis and classification of the distinct clinical entities to integrate their knowledge of microbiology and antibiotic therapy. In addition to the difficulty of classifying and studying septic bone and joint disease, there are also the difficulties posed by the increase in Gram-positive bacterial resistance – the agents of these infections – in the field of therapeutics. Therefore, we review the role of new antimicrobial agents with activity against multiresistant Gram-positive bacteria, with special emphasis on linezolid and daptomycin, as well as the old antimicrobial agents that are still useful in the treatment of these complex diseases.
Key words:
Osteomyelitis
Septic arthritis
Joint prostheses
Linezolid
Daptomycin
Resistant staphylococci
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