El objetivo del estudio ha sido conocer la sensibilidad de 400 cepas de Haemophilus influenzae aisladas en 21 laboratorios españoles durante 1999 a 17 antimicrobianos de administración preferentemente oral.
MétodosSe utilizó un método de dilución en agar (HTM), interpretándose posteriormente los resultados según criterios del National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).
ResultadosLos porcentajes de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos probados fueron: ampicilina, 59,5%; amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico, 99,2%; loracarbef, 66,2%; cefprozil, 70,2%; cefaclor, 76,2%; cefuroxima, 95%; ceftibuteno, 100%; cefpodoxima, 100%; cefixima, 100%; rifampicina, 99,8%; tetraciclina, 98,2%; cloranfenicol, 99,2%; ácido nalidíxico, 97,5%; ciprofloxacina, 100%; trovafloxacina, 100%; claritromicina, 74%, y azitromicina, 100%.
ConclusionesPara algunos antibióticos, la distribución geográfica de los porcentajes de sensibilidad no fue homogénea. El 24% de las cepas se mostraron productoras de betalactamasa, un porcentaje similar al obtenido en estudios multicéntricos publicados en la década de 1990. La concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) de loracarbef, cefprozil y cefaclor fueron mayores para las cepas productoras de betalactamasa que para las cepas no productoras de la enzima. Sin embargo, las CIM de ceftibuteno, cefpodoxima y cefixima fueron similares para ambos grupos. Cinco cepas (1,25%) fueron betalactamasa negativas aunque se mostraban resistentes a ampicilina (CIM ≥ 8 mg/l) y amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico (CIM ≥ 4/2 mg/l). Sólo 3 cepas presentaron sensibilidad intermedia a cloranfenicol (CIM, 4 mg/l). Estas mismas cepas y otras 4 más se inhibían con concentraciones de 4 mg/l o superiores de tetraciclina. Una sola cepa era resistente a rifampicina (CIM, 256 mg/l) y tetraciclina (CIM, 64 mg/l). Todas las cepas se consideraron sensibles a azitromicina (CIM ≤ 4 mg/l), ciprofloxacina y trovafloxacina (CIM ≤ 0,5 mg/l), aunque el 2,5% de ellas eran resistentes a ácido nalidíxico (CIM ≥ 4 mg/l).
The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of 400 strains of Haemophilus influenzae isolated in 21 Spanish laboratories in 1999 to 17 oral antibiotics.
MethodsAn agar dilution method in HT medium was used for sensitivity testing; interpretation of the results followed NCCLS criteria.
ResultsPercentages of isolates susceptible to the antibiotics tested were as follows: ampicillin 59.5%, amoxicillin/clavulanate 99.2%, loracarbef 66.2%, cefprozil 70.2%, cefaclor 76.2%, cefuroxime 95%, ceftibuten 100%, cefpodoxime 100%, cefixime 100%, rifampin 99.8%, tetracycline 98.2%, chloramphenicol 99.2%, nalidixic acid 97.5%, ciprofloxacin 100%, trovafloxacin 100%, clarithromycin 74%, and azithromycin 100%.
ConclusionsGeographic distribution of sensitivity rates was not homogeneous for some antibiotics. Around 24% of strains were betalactamase producers, requiring higher MICs of antibiotics such as loracarbef, cefprozil and cefaclor than non betalactamase producers. Nevertheless MICs of ceftibuten, cefpodoxime and cefixime were similar in both betalactamase producers and non-producers. Five strains (1.25%) were beta-lactamase (–), but resistant to ampicillin (MIC ≥ 8 mg/L) and to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (MIC ≥ 4/2 mg/L). Only three strains showed intermediate sensitivity to chloramphenicol. These strains and four others were inhibited with ≥ 4 mg/L of tetracycline. Only one strain was resistant to tetracycline (MIC: 64 mg/L) and to rifampin (MIC: 256 mg/L). All strains were sensitive to azithromycin (MICs ≤ 4 mg/L) and all were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and trovafloxacin (MICs ≤ 0.5 mg/L). However, ten strains (2.5%) were resistant to nalidixic acid (MIC ≥ 4 mg/L).