The influence of basic life support training on the level of public knowledge about emergency handling in Tanah Lot tourist area in Bali

Suindrayasa, I Made; Suarningsih, Ni Kadek Ayu; Manangkot, Meril Valentine

doi:10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.07.011

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Bali is a tourist destination that is visited by both domestic and foreign tourists. Tanah Lot is one of the icons of Bali Island. It is always visited by a lot of tourists. Knowledge about matters pertaining to daily emergencies is highly needed to support the tourism industry. Improved knowledge about states of emergency and how to respond to them can make tourists feel safe and comfortable. A state of emergency can take place whenever and wherever, and needs to be immediately handled.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065">1–3</a>Basic Life Support refers to the initial steps performed in an emergency in order to save a victim's life, for example by attempting to make the victim's respiratory circulation and/or blood circulation work again in the event that he or she experiences respiratory arrest or cardiac arrest.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">4,5</a> In a state where the victim's respiratory system is diagnosed to have been blocked, and the victim has stopped breathing and his or her pulse has stopped, the rescuer must perform what is referred to as basic life support.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">6</a> There are several simple steps that can be taken to carry out first aid to keep the victim alive before the arrival of medical help. The simple steps are as follows: free the victim's respiratory tract, give the victim breathing aid, and make the blood circulate to where it is needed in the victim's body.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095">7,8</a>Based on a preliminary study conducted in the Tanah Lot area, it was found that those who were responsible for the security of the area were not able to demonstrate responsiveness in emergency situations. From what was observed, it can be concluded that they had never received any training in emergency handling. Based on the information obtained from the village head in an interview, there had been a number of victims of heart attack, traffic accidents, and drowning; however, the local people had not known what to do to give the victims the first aid as an attempt to save their lives. What they had done was sending the victims to the closest health care facility (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>It is expected that improved knowledge among those involved in the management of the tourist destination will be an important aspect of tourism management. It is also expected that their improved responsiveness to states of emergency can contribute to the increase in the number of tourists visiting Bali (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>MethodsThis study was designed to be a quantitative research using a quasi-experiment/pre-experiment method, in which the subjects of the study received treatment and interference. The impact of the treatment and interference was measured and analyzed. The study was intended to reveal the possible effectiveness of the treatment on the variable explored. The research design used was the pretest and posttest design, in which the results with respect to the respondents’ level of knowledge before the Basic Life Support training was undertaken were compared to those after the Basic Life Support training was completed.In the current study, the population included the family heads living around the Tanah Lot tourist destination. They lived at Banjar Batugaing, Beraban Village, Kediri Sub-regency, Tabanan Regency, Bali. In total, there were approximately 120 family heads. The sample was determined using a formulation proposed by Slovin, totaling 95 respondents. Inclusion criteria are the characteristics required in the subjects of the study selected from a target population. In the present study, the inclusion criteria included family heads living in the area of Banjar Batugaing, Beraban Village, Tabanan Regency who were willing to be a respondent, senior high school/university graduates, and aged between 20 and 45 years. Exclusion criteria are the characteristics that disqualify prospective subjects from participating in the study as they do not fulfill the criteria for the sample. In this study, the family heads who could not qualify as respondents were those who had experienced working at a health care center; in other words, those who had once been involved in a basic life support training.The sampling technique, namely the nonprobability sampling, was used in the study, meaning that not every respondent used as the sample representing the population was given the same opportunity. The nonprobability sampling technique, which is also known as the purposive sampling technique, was the method used to choose all the family heads encountered in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria within a period of time until the researchers obtained the size of the sample desired. The study was conducted at Banjar Batugaing, Beraban Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency, Bali.The stages of processing the collected data included data editing, coding, entry, and tabulation. The subjects of the study should be protected from any violation of human rights; therefore, the ethical principles were applied in the study to protect the respondents. The three ethical principles in the nursing study applied were beneficence, respect of human dignity, and fairness. This study was granted the approval of the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University by virtue of Approval No. 2270/UN14.2.2.VII.14/LP/2018.ResultsThe results of the bivariate analysis, which can be seen from the p value obtained through the statistical test, showed that the level of knowledge about matters pertaining to states of emergency before the basic life support training was undertaken was different from that after the training was undertaken. The p value was 0.011 (p<0.05), meaning that the zero hypothesis (p<α) was rejected, and that the basic life support training contributed to improving knowledge about states of emergency needed in the area of the tourist destination of Tanah Lot, Bali.DiscussionTourism refers to the journey visitors make to a destination for recreation or amusement and includes everything needed to prepare for the journey. Bali is a well-known tourist destination visited by foreign and domestic tourists. Tanah Lot Temple is one of the icons of tourism in Bali Island. A lot of tourists come to visit it. Knowledge about daily emergency handling is highly needed to support the tourism industry. Improved knowledge about states of emergency will make tourists feel safe and comfortable. A state of emergency is a life-threatening situation that is unexpected and cannot be predicted as to its time and place of occurrence.How successfully a victim who is in a state of emergency can be helped depends on the first aid given. The local people should have the ability to handle states of emergency in order to be able to help a victim properly. Basic Life Support is a series of initial attempts to help a victim experiencing respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, drowning, and foreign body airway obstruction.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105">9–12</a> The local people's knowledge about how to respond to daily emergencies is needed to support the tourist activities in the area. Improved knowledge about this important subject will make tourists safe and comfortable. The results of the statistical test showed that the respondents’ level of knowledge about states of emergency before the basic life support training was undertaken was different from that after the basic life support training was undertaken. This can be seen from the p value, which was 0.011 (p<0.05), meaning that the zero hypothesis (p<α) was rejected, meaning that the basic life support training contributed to improving the local people's knowledge about matters pertaining to states of emergency in the area of Tanah Lot, Bali.It is suggested that researchers in the future further develop the interference method to improve the local people's knowledge about and attitude towards states of emergency in the area of every tourist destination. It is also suggested that information and knowledge about first aid in a state of emergency be distributed to every sector of tourism in Bali.ConclusionBased on the results of this research, it can be concluded that basic life support training contributes to the improvement of public knowledge about states of emergency and how to respond to them, which is needed in the tourist destination area of Tanah Lot, Bali. Knowledge about daily emergency situations and how to handle them is highly needed to support the tourism industry. Improved public knowledge about this matter will make tourists feel safe and comfortable.Acknowle***dgementsIn this occasion, the researchers would like to thank all of the respondents who were willing to take part in this research. A word of appreciation should also go to the Research and Community Service Institution (LPPM) of Udayana University for supporting and funding the study.Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest." 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Increased knowledge about handling daily emergencies through basic life support (BLS) training is needed to support the tourism industry. With an increase in public knowledge about emergencies, the place will provide a sense of security and comfort for tourists. This study aimed to analyze the effect of basic life support training on the level of public knowledge about emergencies in the Tanah Lot tourist area. This research adopted an analytical-descriptive method with a quasi-experiment involving 95 respondents. The results of this study indicate that basic life support training has an influence on increasing public knowledge about emergencies (p=0.011). The results of this study will be used to make recommendations for interventions in an effort to increase public knowledge about emergencies." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Nursing Research Conference of Udayana University. 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Emergencies are life-threatening conditions that occur unexpectedly regardless of the hour and location, and require immediate handling. Increased knowledge about handling daily emergencies through basic life support (BLS) training is needed to support the tourism industry. With an increase in public knowledge about emergencies, the place will provide a sense of security and comfort for tourists. This study aimed to analyze the effect of basic life support training on the level of public knowledge about emergencies in the Tanah Lot tourist area. This research adopted an analytical-descriptive method with a quasi-experiment involving 95 respondents. The results of this study indicate that basic life support training has an influence on increasing public knowledge about emergencies (p=0.011). The results of this study will be used to make recommendations for interventions in an effort to increase public knowledge about emergencies.

Keywords:

Basic life support

Knowledge

Emergency