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Vol. 13. Núm. 2.
Páginas 57-67 (enero 2002)
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Vol. 13. Núm. 2.
Páginas 57-67 (enero 2002)
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Percepción de los pacientes quirúrgicos del sueño nocturno en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos
Perception of night-time sleep by the surgical patients in an Intensive Care Unit
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8006
A. Nicolás
Autor para correspondencia
casiain@unav.es

Correspondencia: Ana Nicolás Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Clínica Universitaria Avda. Pío XII, 36 31008 Pamplona
, E. Aizpitarte, A. Iruarrizaga, M. Vázquez
Diplomadas en Enfermería. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Clínica Universitaria. Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona
M.A. Margall1, M.C. Asiain2
1 Supervisora de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Master en Ciencias de Enfermería por la Universidad de Montreal. Pamplona
2 Supervisora de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Clínica Universitaria. Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona
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Resumen

El descanso nocturno de los pacientes ingresados en Cuidados Intensivos es un aspecto de gran importancia dentro del proceso de salud/enfermedad, ya que tiene una repercusión directa en su adecuada recuperación. Los objetivos de esta investigación son: 1) describir cómo perciben los pacientes quirúrgicos su sueño nocturno en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente; 2) comparar la percepción subjetiva de los pacientes con el registro de la enfermera en el plan de cuidados y analizar el grado de acuerdo entre ambas valoraciones. Se ha estudiado el sueño nocturno de 104 pacientes, no se han incluido los pacientes de cirugía de urgencia, intubados, tratamiento psiquiátrico previo, con apnea del sueño, hábito enólico e imposibilidad de una adecuada comunicación. Para medir la percepción del paciente se utilizó el cuestionario del sueño de Richards-Campbell de cinco ítems y la valoración del sueño, por parte de la enfermera, así como el resto de variables, se recogió del plan de cuidados informatizado. La puntuación total media del sueño de la primera noche postoperatoria fue de 51,42 mm. Al analizar las puntuaciones obtenidas en cada uno de los ítems del cuestionario se observa que el perfil de sueño de estos pacientes se ha caracterizado por ser un sueño ligero, con despertares frecuentes y que generalmente cuando se despertaban o les despertaban les costaba relativamente poco volver a dormirse. La valoración del sueño nocturno realizada por la enfermera coincide con la percepción de los pacientes en bastantes ocasiones, y cuando existe discrepancia la enfermera sobreestima el sueño del paciente.

Palabras clave:
Valoración del sueño
Sueño nocturno en UCI
Deprivación del sueño
Summary

Night-time rest of the patients hospitalized in Intensive Care is a very important feature within the health/disease process since it has a direct repercussion on their adequate recovery. The objectives of this investigation are: 1) describe how the surgical patients perceive their night-time sleep in the Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit: 2) compare the subjective perception of the patients with the nursing record in the care plan and analyze the degree of agreement between both assessments. Night-time sleep has been studied in 104 patients; surgery patients from emergencies, patients who are intubated, with previous psychiatric treatment, sleep apnea, drinking habit or impossibility of adequate communication were not included. To measure the patient’s perception, the five item sleep questionnaire of Richards-Campbell and the assessment of sleep by the nurse, as well as the remaining variables included in a computerized care plan, were used. The total mean score of the sleep on the first post-operative night was 51.42 mm. When the scores obtained in each one of the questionnaire items are analyzed, it is seen that the sleep profile of these patients has been characterized by being light sleep, with frequent wakenings and generally with little difficulty to go back to sleep when woke op or were awakened. The assessment of the night-time sleep performed by the nurse coincides with the perception of the patients on many occasions, and when there is discrepancy, the nurse has overestimated the patient’s sleep.

Key words:
Sleep assessment
Night-time sleep in the ICU
Sleep deprivation
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Copyright © 2002. Elsevier España, S.L. y Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva
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