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European Journal of Psychiatry
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Inicio European Journal of Psychiatry Feasibility of and reactivity to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) during el...
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Vol. 38. Núm. 3.
(julio - septiembre 2024)
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Vol. 38. Núm. 3.
(julio - septiembre 2024)
Original article
Feasibility of and reactivity to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) during electronic cigarette use initiation in adults who smoke daily
Bettina B. Hoeppnera,b,c,
Autor para correspondencia
bhoeppner@mgh.harvard.edu

Corresponding author at: Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 151 Merrimac Street, Boston MA 02114, United States.
, David Eddiea,b,c, Melissa Schickb,c,d, Susanne S. Hoeppnera, Lourah Kellyb,c,e, John F. Kellya,b,c
a Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, United States
b Center for Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Staniford St., Boston, MA 02114, United States
c Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 151 Merrimac St., 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, United States
d Division of Prevention and Community Research, Yale School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
e Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 44 Lake Ave, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
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Tablas (3)
Table 1. Sample characteristics by EMA vs Non-EMA group.
Table 2. EMA adherence rates for persons who failed the screening test and those who completed the screening test across assessment periods.
Table 3. Cigarette and e-cigarette smoking outcomes for EMA vs non-EMA groups.
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Abstract
Background and objectives

This pilot study tested the feasibility of tracking e-cigarette initiation over three months using a burst-of-measurement approach and examined reactivity to the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data capture technique in this context.

Methods

Adults who smoked daily and were interested in trying e-cigarette use received an e-cigarette starter kit and were randomized to complete EMA reports (n = 30) vs. not (n = 29). Participants (Mage=44.1 years [SD=12.6], 61.0 % male, 54.3 % White, 38.9 % Black/African American) smoked 13.0 cigarettes per day on average (SD=8.4) and reported mild-to-moderate nicotine dependence (MFTND=4.0 [SD=2.3]). Biochemical assessment and surveys were conducted at enrollment, e-cigarette initiation (1 week later), and 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month post e-cigarette initiation.

Results

A subset (17 %) of participants did not achieve the minimum 75 % EMA adherence at Week 1. The remaining participants showed excellent adherence with the EMA protocol, with a consistently high response rate to audibly prompted mini-surveys during screening (93 %) and follow-up weeks (93 %, 93 %, and 92 %, respectively). No consistent trend emerged in comparing the two randomized groups, either on variables relevant to the public health impact of e-cigarette initiation (i.e., cigarettes/day, exposure to smoke, exposure to nicotine, motivation to quit smoking), or in e-cigarette use (i.e., bouts/day, puffs/bout), with average Cohen's d values across timepoints ranging from d = 0.02 for exposure to smoke to d = 0.06 for cigarettes per day.

Conclusions

Conducting EMA with adults who smoke daily and are initiating e-cigarette use appears feasible, with some caveats. Reactivity to EMA during e-cigarette initiation appears to be small or non-significant.

Keywords:
Ecological momentary assessment
E-cigarette
Reactivity
Smoking

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