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Vol. 25. Núm. 3.
Páginas 189-196 (abril 2010)
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Vol. 25. Núm. 3.
Páginas 189-196 (abril 2010)
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Neuro-rehabilitation after stroke
Neurorrehabilitación tras el ictus
Visitas
1826
M. Murie-Fernándeza,b,
Autor para correspondencia
manumurie@gmail.com

Author for correspondence.
, P. Irimiab, E. Martínez-Vilab, M. John Meyerc, R. Teasella
a Departamento de Rehabilitación y Medicina Física, St Joseph's Health Care London, Parkwood Hospital, Universidad de Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
b Departamento de Neurología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
c Aging, Rehabilitation and Geriatric Care Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Introduction

The high incidence of stroke results in significant mortality and disability leading to immense health care costs. These costs lead to socioeconomic, budgetary, and staffing repercussions in developing countries. Improvements in stroke management focus mainly on acute neurological treatment, admission to stroke units, fibrinolytic treatment for ischaemic strokes and rehabilitation processes. Among these, rehabilitation has the longest therapeutic window, can be applied in both ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes, and can improve functional outcomes months after stroke.

Development

Neurologists, because of their knowledge in neuroanatomy, physiopathology, neuropharmacology, and brain plasticity, are in an ideal position to actively participate in the neurorehabilitation process. Several processes have been shown to play a role in determining the efficacy of rehabilitation; time from stroke onset to rehabilitation admission and the duration and intensity of treatment.

Conclusions

Neurorehabilitation is a sub-speciality in which neurologists should be incorporated into multidisciplinary neurorehabilitation teams. Early time to rehabilitation admission and greater intensity and duration of treatment are associated with better functional outcomes, lower mortality/institutionalisation, and shorter length of stay. In order to be efficient, a concerted effort must be made to ensure patients receive neurorehabilitation treatment in a timely manner with appropriate intensity to maximize patient outcomes during both inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation.

Keywords:
Stroke
Neurorehabilitation
Dependency
Resumen
Introducción

La enfermedad cerebrovascular o ictus es uno de los motivos más frecuentes de asistencia neurológica urgente, representa una de las primeras causas de muerte e invalidez en los adultos y supone un enorme coste tanto humano como económico. Los avances en el tratamiento del ictus tienen como ejes fundamentales la atención neurológica precoz, el ingreso en las unidades de ictus, la aplicación del tratamiento fibrinolítico en el infarto cerebral y el tratamiento rehabilitador. Entre los diferentes tratamientos, la neurorrehabilitación presenta una ventana terapéutica más amplia, puede aplicarse tanto en ictus isquémicos como hemorrágicos y puede mejorar el pronóstico funcional incluso meses después del ictus.

Desarrollo

El neurólogo, por sus conocimientos en neuroanatomía, fisiopatología, neurofarmacología y los procesos de plasticidad cerebral, está en una posición ideal para participar activamente en la neurorrehabilitación. En el proceso de rehabilitación hay una serie de factores que condicionan su eficacia; el tiempo hasta el inicio de la rehabilitación, su duración y la intensidad del tratamiento.

Conclusiones

La neurorrehabilitación es una subespecialidad en que el neurólogo puede formarse con el fin de participar en los equipos multidisciplinarios que dirigen el proceso de neurorrehabilitación. El inicio precoz del tratamiento y su intensidad y duración adecuadas conllevan mayor recuperación funcional y menores mortalidad, tasa de institucionalización y estancia hospitalaria. Es imprescindible realizar un esfuerzo de planificación para que los pacientes puedan beneficiarse de un tratamiento neurorrehabilitador específico iniciado precozmente, con la intensidad necesaria y de forma continuada durante el ingreso y posteriormente de forma ambulatoria.

Palabras clave:
Ictus
Neurorehabilitación
Dependencia
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