Información del artículo
Resumen
De forma reciente se han publicado estudios que relacionan los radicales libres de oxígeno con enfermedades específicas del embarazo. En el parto pretérmino, el óxido nítrico puede estar involucrado en la quiescencia fisiológica del útero y la colagenólisis asociada con el reblandecimiento tisular del cérvix. Respecto a la rotura prematura de membranas, se conoce que la fuerza del amnios deriva del colágeno; que su degradación es controlada por las metaloproteinasas de la matriz, y que una alteración del balance entre los pro y los antioxidantes aumenta la actividad de éstas últimas. En la preeclampsia, la placentación defectuosa produce vasoconstricción, con baja perfusión placentaria, y se cree que ésta estimula la liberación de factores que llevan a una alteración funcional del endotelio vascular; así, los radicales libres han emergido como probables promotores de esta alteración funcional. Se revisa el papel potencialmente preventivo de los antioxidantes (vitaminas C y E) para intentar regularizar el balance redox, en la prevención de las citadas enfermedades.
Palabras clave:
Radicales libres de oxígeno
Parto prematuro
Rotura prematura de membranas
Preeclampsia
Summary
Recent studies have implicated oxygen free radicals with various pregnancy-related conditions. In preterm delivery, nitric oxide may be involved in the physiologic maintenance of uterine quiescence and collagen lysis associated with cervical ripening. With respect to premature rupture of membranes, the strength of the amnion is derived from collagen, its lysis is controlled by matrix metalloproteinases, and an imbalance between proand antioxidants increases the activity of these enzymes. In preeclampsia, an abnormal placentation leads to vasospasm and poor placental perfusion, releasing factors causing endothelial dysfunction. Oxygen free radicals may promote endothelial dysfunction. The potential prophylactic role of antioxidants (vitamins C and E) in regulating the redox balance and thus in preventing the development of these obstetric problems is reviewed.
keywords:
Oxygen free radicals
Preterm delivery
Premature rupture of membranes
Preeclampsia
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