Información del artículo
En niños con insuficiencia o estenosis valvular significativa, la intervención de la válvula, ya sea valvuloplastia o reemplazo valvular, suele ser inevitable. El seguimiento de estos pacientes puede ser complejo; los síntomas iniciales de disfunción valvular protésica son inespecíficos y en ocasiones es difícil diferenciar entre los efectos de la disfunción valvular, las patologías no cardíacas, la disfunción ventricular y la hipertensión pulmonar. Aunque el examen físico puede alertar al clínico acerca de alteraciones, se requieren otros métodos diagnósticos para evaluar la función de la prótesis. La ecocardiografía Doppler es el método de elección no invasivo para estudiar la función valvular y pese a que muchas de las mediciones y parámetros de normalidad y anormalidad son extrapolados de estudios en adultos, se han tratado de definir estándares en pacientes pediátricos. Este documento ofrece una revisión acerca de las técnicas usadas en el estudio de las válvulas protésicas con base en literatura científica, consensos internacionales y opiniones de expertos.
Palabras clave:
cardiología
prótesis valvular
ecocardiografía
In children with significant valvular insufficiency or stenosis, valve surgery, either valvuloplasty or valve replacement is usually inevitable. The monitoring of these patients can be complex, the initial symptoms of prosthetic valve dysfunction are nonspecific and sometimes difficult to differentiate between the effects of valvular dysfunction, non-cardiac pathologies, ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Although physical examination may alert the clinician about alterations, other diagnostic methods to assess the function of the prosthesis is required. Doppler echocardiography is the noninvasive method of choice to study valvular function and although many of the measurements and parameters of normality and abnormality are extrapolated from adult studies have been attempted to define standards in pediatric patients. This document provides an overview about the techniques used in the study of prosthetic valves based on scientific literature, international consensus and expert opinion.
Key words:
cardiology
valvular prosthesis
Echocardiography
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