Información del artículo
Resumen
Las espondiloartritis (SpA) comprenden un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades inflamatorias articulares que comparten varias características clínicas y de laboratorio, una fuerte tendencia a la asociación familiar dada por una susceptibilidad genética relacionada con la presencia del antígeno de histocompatibilidad HLA-B27, compromiso de las entesis, afectación predominante del esqueleto axial, artritis asimétrica de grandes articulaciones en los miembros inferiores y relación con la infección como factor desencadenante de las mismas. Las SpA incluyen varios subtipos: la artropatía psoriásica (PsA), las espondiloartritis no definidas (uSpA), la artritis asociada a enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales (EII), la artritis reactiva (ReA) y la espondilitis anquilosante (EA).
La característica histopatológica fundamental de las SpA es la entesitis, la cual está dada por la inflamación patológica de las entesis comprometidas, que son los sitios de inserción de los tendones, ligamentos, fascias y cápsulas articulares al hueso; así como también el sitio de unión del cartílago al hueso subcondral.
Palabras clave:
espondiloartropatías
espondiloartritis
entesopatía
entesis
entesitis
artritis reactiva
espondiloartropatía indiferenciada
espondilitis anquilosante
Summary
Spondyloarthritis are a heterogeneous group of inflammatory joint diseases, which share clinic and laboratory characteristics, a strong relation to hereditary factors (mainly antigen HLA-B27), enthesesitis (most commonly affecting axial skeleton), large joints asymmetric arthritis mostly in lower limbs, and its relationship with infections as a triggering factor. Spondyloarthitis include various subtypes: Psoriatic Arthropathy (PsA), Undifferentiated Spondiloarthritis (uSpA), Arthritis related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and Reactive Arthritis (ReA).
Fundamental histopathologic characteristic of the Spondyloarthritis is enthesitis on the sites of attachment of tendons, ligaments, joint capsules and fascias to the bone, but also over the cartilage at the subchondral bone.
Key words:
Spondyloarthritis
Enthesopathy
Reactive Arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Undifferentiated Spondyloarthritis
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