metricas
covid
Buscar en
Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación Evaluación de la ansiedad preoperatoria y el dolor postoperatorio en pacientes ...
Información de la revista

Estadísticas

Siga este enlace para acceder al texto completo del artículo

Carta al Director
Evaluación de la ansiedad preoperatoria y el dolor postoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a dacriocistorrinostomía
Evaluation of preoperative anxiety and post-operative pain in patients undergoing dacryocystorhinostomy
S. Lemaîtrea,b,
Autor para correspondencia
stefaniele@free.fr

Autor para correspondencia.
, S. Kanga, D.M. Moralc, D. Ezraa
a Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Londres, Reino Unido
b Saint Bartholomew's Hospital, W Smithfield, Londres, Reino Unido
c Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, España
Leído
141
Veces
se ha leído el artículo
44
Total PDF
97
Total HTML
Compartir estadísticas
 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S003493562030195X"
  "issn" => "00349356"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2020.07.009"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-06-01"
  "aid" => "1203"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2020"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "cor"
  "cita" => "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2021;68:367-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "en" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S2341192921000925"
      "issn" => "23411929"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2020.07.009"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-06-01"
      "aid" => "1203"
      "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor"
      "documento" => "simple-article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "cor"
      "cita" => "Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación (English Version). 2021;68:367-8"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:1 [
        "total" => 0
      ]
      "en" => array:10 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Director</span>"
        "titulo" => "Evaluation of preoperative anxiety and post-operative pain in patients undergoing dacryocystorhinostomy"
        "tienePdf" => "en"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "367"
            "paginaFinal" => "368"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "es" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Evaluaci&#243;n de la ansiedad preoperatoria y el dolor postoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a dacriocistorrinostom&#237;a"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "en" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "S&#46; Lema&#238;tre, S&#46; Kang, D&#46;M&#46; Moral, D&#46; Ezra"
            "autores" => array:4 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "S&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Lema&#238;tre"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "S&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Kang"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "D&#46;M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Moral"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "D&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Ezra"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S003493562030195X"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2020.07.009"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S003493562030195X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192921000925?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/23411929/0000006800000006/v1_202106271045/S2341192921000925/v1_202106271045/en/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0034935620302097"
    "issn" => "00349356"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2020.08.007"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-06-01"
    "aid" => "1216"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Anestesiolog&#237;a&#44; Reanimaci&#243;n y Terap&#233;utica del Dolor"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "cor"
    "cita" => "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2021;68:369-71"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "es" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Carta al Director</span>"
      "titulo" => "An&#225;lisis y revisi&#243;n del manejo perioperatorio del paciente COVID-19 en la cirug&#237;a tor&#225;cica"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "369"
          "paginaFinal" => "371"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Analysis and review of the perioperative management of COVID-19 patients in thoracic surgery"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 2657
              "Ancho" => 2500
              "Tamanyo" => 589330
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Extubaci&#243;n en paciente COVID-19 sometido a cirug&#237;a tor&#225;cica&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "M&#46; Granell, N&#46; Sanch&#237;s, M&#46; L&#243;pez-Cantero, C&#46;S&#46; Romero, I&#46; Garutti, R&#46; Vicente"
          "autores" => array:6 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Granell"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "N&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Sanch&#237;s"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez-Cantero"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C&#46;S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Romero"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "I&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garutti"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Vicente"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2341192921000937"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2020.08.010"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192921000937?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034935620302097?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/00349356/0000006800000006/v1_202106040545/S0034935620302097/v1_202106040545/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S0034935620302127"
    "issn" => "00349356"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.redar.2020.08.010"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2021-06-01"
    "aid" => "1220"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Anestesiolog&#237;a&#44; Reanimaci&#243;n y Terap&#233;utica del Dolor"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2021;68:361-6"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "es" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Caso cl&#237;nico</span>"
      "titulo" => "Elevaci&#243;n del lactato en el postoperatorio como marcador de isquemia mesent&#233;rica aguda&#46; Descripci&#243;n de dos casos"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "361"
          "paginaFinal" => "366"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Postoperative lactate elevation as a marker of underlying acute mesenteric ischemia&#46; Description of two cases"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1791
              "Ancho" => 2500
              "Tamanyo" => 476941
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "es" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Algoritmo diagn&#243;stico sugerido para la elevaci&#243;n de lactato en el postoperatorio&#46; Se hace hincapi&#233; en los factores de riesgo de isquemia intestinal&#46;</p> <p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Qx&#58; Servicio Quir&#250;rgico&#59; ScvO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; saturaci&#243;n venosa central de ox&#237;geno&#59; SvO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; saturaci&#243;n venosa mixta de ox&#237;geno&#59; TC&#58; tomograf&#237;a computarizada&#46;</p> <p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fuente&#58; Adaptada de Kraut y Madias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> y Anderson et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "A&#46; Prado Rodr&#237;guez, R&#46; Mato B&#250;a, L&#46; Mera Mujico, J&#46; Arca Su&#225;rez, M&#46; L&#243;pez S&#225;nchez, L&#46; Sampayo Rodr&#237;guez, P&#46; Rama-Maceiras"
          "autores" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Prado Rodr&#237;guez"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "R&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mato B&#250;a"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "L&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mera Mujico"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Arca Su&#225;rez"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "L&#243;pez S&#225;nchez"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "L&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Sampayo Rodr&#237;guez"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Rama-Maceiras"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S2341192921000913"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.redare.2020.08.009"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2341192921000913?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0034935620302127?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/00349356/0000006800000006/v1_202106040545/S0034935620302127/v1_202106040545/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "es" => array:14 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Carta al Director</span>"
    "titulo" => "Evaluaci&#243;n de la ansiedad preoperatoria y el dolor postoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a dacriocistorrinostom&#237;a"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "saludo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sr&#46; Director&#58;</span>"
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "367"
        "paginaFinal" => "368"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "S&#46; Lema&#238;tre, S&#46; Kang, D&#46;M&#46; Moral, D&#46; Ezra"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "S&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Lema&#238;tre"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "stefaniele@free.fr"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "S&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Kang"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "D&#46;M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Moral"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "D&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Ezra"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust&#44; Londres&#44; Reino Unido"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Saint Bartholomew&#39;s Hospital&#44; W Smithfield&#44; Londres&#44; Reino Unido"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Hospital San Pedro&#44; Logro&#241;o&#44; Espa&#241;a"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspondencia&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Evaluation of preoperative anxiety and post-operative pain in patients undergoing dacryocystorhinostomy"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de la dacriocistorrinostom&#237;a &#40;DCR&#41; es crear una comunicaci&#243;n entre el saco lagrimal y la mucosa nasal&#44; sorteando de este modo un conducto nasal bloqueado&#44; o el mal funcionamiento del mismo&#46; Est&#225; indicada en casos de ep&#237;fora cr&#243;nica&#44; y tras uno o varios episodios de dacriocistitis aguda&#44; a fin de prevenir estos a futuro&#46; La DCR externa es el enfoque de referencia&#44; debido a su alta tasa de &#233;xito&#44; pero la DCR endonasal se ha convertido en alternativa&#44; dados los resultados comparables&#44; con la ventaja de evitar una incisi&#243;n cut&#225;nea&#46; Cualquier procedimiento quir&#250;rgico puede ser una fuente de ansiedad para los pacientes&#44; que podr&#237;a tener un impacto negativo en los resultados m&#233;dico y psicol&#243;gico&#46; En particular&#44; los altos niveles de ansiedad preoperatoria se han asociado al incremento del dolor postoperatorio<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#44; lo cual puede incrementar consecuentemente la presi&#243;n arterial<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> y causar hemorragia postoperatoria&#46; Como la hemorragia es la complicaci&#243;n m&#225;s frecuente en la DCR &#40;con p&#233;rdida de sangre potencialmente severa&#41;&#44; la gesti&#243;n preoperatoria de la ansiedad y el tratamiento postoperatorio del dolor son primordiales&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Realizamos un estudio piloto prospectivo y unic&#233;ntrico a fin de evaluar la ansiedad preoperatoria&#44; la necesidad de informaci&#243;n&#44; as&#237; como el dolor postoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a DCR externa o endonasal bajo anestesia general o local con sedaci&#243;n&#46; La anestesia local &#40;AL&#41; consisti&#243; en una inyecci&#243;n de lignoca&#237;na al 2&#37; o bupivaca&#237;na al 0&#44;5&#37; en el &#225;rea del cantus medial y&#47;o mucosa nasal &#40;dependiendo de la preferencia del cirujano&#41;&#46; Se realiz&#243; la evaluaci&#243;n preoperatoria de la ansiedad utilizando la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale</span> &#40;APAIS&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#44; que consiste en 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#237;tems calificados por el paciente de 1 &#40;ausentes&#41; a 5 &#40;extremos&#41;&#58; Me preocupa la anestesia &#40;A1&#41;&#44; Pienso en la anestesia constantemente &#40;A2&#41;&#44; Me gustar&#237;a saber el m&#225;ximo posible sobre la anestesia &#40;A3&#41;&#44; Me preocupa el procedimiento quir&#250;rgico &#40;S1&#41;&#44; Pienso en la operaci&#243;n constantemente &#40;S2&#41;&#44; Me gustar&#237;a saber el m&#225;ximo posible sobre la operaci&#243;n &#40;S3&#41;&#46; Cuando la puntuaci&#243;n de ansiedad global es superior o igual a 11 &#40;A1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A2 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S1 &#43; <span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&#44; el nivel de ansiedad no se considera id&#243;neo para el estr&#233;s quir&#250;rgico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; El dolor postoperatorio se evalu&#243; transcurrida aproximadamente una hora desde la salida del quir&#243;fano&#44; utilizando una escala num&#233;rica de 0 a 10&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 15 pacientes&#46; Existi&#243; una preponderancia de mujeres &#40;66&#44;7&#37;&#41; porque la obstrucci&#243;n primaria del conducto adquirida es m&#225;s frecuente en ellas&#46; La cirug&#237;a caus&#243; m&#225;s ansiedad preoperatoria que la anestesia&#58; la puntuaci&#243;n &#40;S1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S2&#41; media fue de 4&#44;4 &#40;rango 2-10&#41;&#44; mientras que la puntuaci&#243;n &#40;A1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A2&#41; media fue de 3&#44;5 &#40;rango 2-7&#41;&#46; Todos los pacientes&#44; salvo uno&#44; fueron sometidos a DCR bajo anestesia general &#40;AG&#41;&#46; El paciente que recibi&#243; AL con sedaci&#243;n ten&#237;a comorbilidades significativas y no fue considerado apto para anestesia general&#46; Esta paciente ten&#237;a una puntuaci&#243;n de ansiedad preoperatoria global de 4 y evalu&#243; su dolor postoperatorio con una puntuaci&#243;n de 4 &#40;solo se pudo realizar una peque&#241;a osteotom&#237;a debido al malestar preoperatorio&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se encontraron los siguientes factores asociados a los niveles m&#225;s altos de ansiedad preoperatoria y dolor postoperatorio&#58; sexo masculino&#44; edad &#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; cirug&#237;a realizada por un residente&#44; enfoque endonasal y DCR bilateral &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; En los pacientes que recibieron tanto anestesia general como local&#44; el dolor postoperatorio medio fue de 5&#44;3 &#40;rango 0-10&#41;&#46; Dos pacientes recibieron AG sin AL y puntuaron su dolor postoperatorio en 0 y 9 &#40;media 4&#44;5&#41;&#46; Se anotaron episodios hemorr&#225;gicos en dos pacientes&#58; exudaci&#243;n durante la DCR en uno &#40;ansiedad preoperatoria general&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#44; dolor postoperatorio&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41; y sangrado m&#237;nimo en la nasofaringe en el otro &#40;ansiedad preoperatoria general&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#44; dolor postoperatorio&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#41;&#46; Ninguno de los 15 pacientes tuvo hemorragia postoperatoria &#40;en particular sin epistaxis&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La necesidad de informaci&#243;n &#40;A3 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S3&#41; fue superior en los varones&#44; cuando el cirujano era un residente&#44; si la DCR era endonasal o bilateral&#44; y si se trataba de reintervenci&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46; El folleto informativo sobre el procedimiento supuso una fuente de ansiedad preoperatoria en un &#250;nico paciente&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; esta auditor&#237;a refleja que el tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio podr&#237;a optimizarse en los pacientes sometidos a DCR&#46; La AL sistem&#225;tica en el cantus medial y la mucosa nasal en los pacientes que han recibido AG podr&#237;a ser &#250;til para reducir el dolor postoperatorio &#40;aunque su efecto no fue obvio en nuestra peque&#241;a muestra de pacientes&#41;&#46; El nivel de ansiedad preoperatoria fue aceptable en la mayor&#237;a de los pacientes &#40;80&#37;&#41;&#44; pero adoptar medidas tales como terapia musical o hipnosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> podr&#237;a ser de utilidad para los pacientes con ansiedad&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No se ha reportado ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:2 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Conflicto de intereses"
        ]
        1 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "multimedia" => array:1 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Puntuaciones medias calculadas utilizando APAIS y dolor postoperatorio medio &#40;A1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A2&#58; ansiedad relacionada con la anestesia&#59; S1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S2&#58; ansiedad relacionada con la cirug&#237;a&#59; A1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A2 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S2&#58; ansiedad global&#59; A3 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S3&#58; necesidad de informaci&#243;n adicional&#41;&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">S1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A2 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A3 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Proporci&#243;n de pacientes con A1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>A2 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S1 &#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Dolor postoperatorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Varones &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mujeres &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60 a&#241;os &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>60 a&#241;os &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;1&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cirujano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">M&#233;dico especialista &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#44;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Residente &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#44;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ruta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DCR &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&#41; externa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DCR endonasal &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tipo de cirug&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Procedimiento primario &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18&#44;2&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reintervenci&#243;n &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sitio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Unilateral &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#44;7&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bilateral &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#44;3&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2613933.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Puntuaciones APAIS medias y dolor postoperatorio</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:5 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Does preoperative anxiety level predict postoperative pain&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Vaughn"
                            1 => "H&#46; Wichowski"
                            2 => "G&#46; Bosworth"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0001-2092(07)60130-6"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "AORN J"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "85"
                        "paginaInicial" => "589"
                        "paginaFinal" => "604"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17352896"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Post-operative high blood pressure"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; De Nadal"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Measure of preoperative anxiety and need for information with six issues"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;-M&#46; Wattier"
                            1 => "O&#46; Barreau"
                            2 => "P&#46; Devos"
                            3 => "S&#46; Prevost"
                            4 => "B&#46; Vallet"
                            5 => "G&#46; Lebuffe"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.annfar.2011.03.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "533"
                        "paginaFinal" => "537"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21602018"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A survey of 800 patients&#8217; knowledge&#44; attitudes&#44; and concerns regarding anesthesia"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Shevde"
                            1 => "G&#46; Panagopoulos"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1213/00000539-199108000-00013"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "73"
                        "paginaInicial" => "190"
                        "paginaFinal" => "198"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1854034"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0735109718369584"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "07351097"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hypnosis reduces preoperative anxiety in adult patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Saadat"
                            1 => "J&#46; Drummond-Lewis"
                            2 => "I&#46; Maranets"
                            3 => "D&#46; Kaplan"
                            4 => "A&#46; Saadat"
                            5 => "S&#46;-M&#46; Wang"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1213/01.ane.0000204355.36015.54"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "102"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1394"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1396"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16632816"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  "url" => "/00349356/0000006800000006/v1_202106040545/S003493562030195X/v1_202106040545/es/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "78500"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "es" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Cartas al Editor"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/00349356/0000006800000006/v1_202106040545/S003493562030195X/v1_202106040545/es/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S003493562030195X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Información del artículo
ISSN: 00349356
Idioma original: Español
Datos actualizados diariamente
año/Mes Html Pdf Total
2024 Abril 15 3 18
2023 Junio 2 1 3
2023 Marzo 0 1 1
2023 Febrero 1 0 1
2022 Junio 1 0 1
2022 Marzo 1 0 1
2022 Febrero 2 0 2
2021 Diciembre 5 0 5
2021 Noviembre 1 0 1
2021 Octubre 8 2 10
2021 Septiembre 7 6 13
2021 Agosto 4 2 6
2021 Julio 34 15 49
2021 Junio 16 14 30
Mostrar todo

Siga este enlace para acceder al texto completo del artículo

es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos