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Incidencia de alteraciones electrocardiográficas en el preoperatorio de cirugía no cardiaca
Incidence of electrocardiographic alterations in the preoperative period of non-cardiac surgery
D. Gutiérrez Martíneza,
Autor para correspondencia
diegogutimartinez@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, C. Jiménez-Méndezb, R. Méndez Hernándeza, A. Hernández-Aceitunoc, A. Planas Rocaa, R.J. Aguilar Torresd
a Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España
b Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España
c Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
d Unidad Coronaria, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, España
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La prueba no invasiva m&#225;s utilizada en la pr&#225;ctica habitual para clasificar a los pacientes seg&#250;n su riesgo perioperatorio es el electrocardiograma &#40;ECG&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; A su vez&#44; el &#237;ndice de riesgo cardiaco revisado &#40;&#237;ndice de Lee&#41;&#44; se presenta como una herramienta de estratificaci&#243;n de riesgo que se recoge en diferentes gu&#237;as de pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica&#46; Ambos se utilizan para detectar aquellos pacientes que presentan un mayor riesgo de desarrollar eventos cardiovasculares durante el postoperatorio&#44; con el objetivo de anticipar y optimizar su manejo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La gu&#237;a de 2014 de manejo del paciente cardi&#243;pata en cirug&#237;a no cardiaca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> ofrece las recomendaciones para realizar ECG preoperatorio a los pacientes que se intervienen de cirug&#237;a no cardiaca&#44; seg&#250;n su riesgo&#44; bas&#225;ndose en las caracter&#237;sticas del paciente &#40;edad&#44; &#237;ndice de Lee&#41; y el tipo de cirug&#237;a&#46; Propone realizar ECG de rutina en los pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular &#40;FRCV&#41; sometidos a cirug&#237;a de riesgo intermedio o alto &#40;recomendaci&#243;n IC&#41;&#59; no se recomienda ECG a los pacientes sin FRCV sometidos a cirug&#237;a de bajo riesgo &#40;recomendaci&#243;n IIIB&#41;&#59; en situaciones intermedias&#44; la evidencia es menor&#46; La gu&#237;a refleja que puede recomendarse ECG en pacientes con FRCV sometidos a cirug&#237;a de bajo riesgo y en pacientes mayores de 65 a&#241;os sometidos a cirug&#237;a de riesgo intermedio sin FRCV &#40;ambos con recomendaci&#243;n IIb-C&#41;&#46; En estas gu&#237;as&#44; la definici&#243;n de los FRCV se basa en el &#237;ndice de Lee&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A su vez&#44; la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Anestesia y Reanimaci&#243;n &#40;SEDAR&#41;&#44; conjuntamente con la Asociaci&#243;n Espa&#241;ola de Cirug&#237;a Mayor Ambulatoria &#40;ASECMA&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#44; propone realizar ECG preoperatorio en los pacientes que presenten s&#237;ntomas en presencia de patolog&#237;a cardiaca previa&#44; enfermedad sist&#233;mica que pueda implicar cardiopat&#237;a o en tratamiento con f&#225;rmacos potencialmente cardiot&#243;xicos&#46; En cuanto a pacientes asintom&#225;ticos&#44; estar&#237;a indicado en aquellos mayores de 60 a&#241;os&#44; mayores de 40 a&#241;os sin ECG previo&#44; fumadores de m&#225;s de un paquete diario y obesidad con &#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41; mayor de 30&#46; Las recomendaciones de la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Societat Catalana d&#8217;Anestesiologia&#44; Reanimaci&#243; i Terap&#232;utica del Dolor</span> &#40;SCARTD&#41; son las siguientes&#58; pacientes mayores de 45 a&#241;os o aquellos con patolog&#237;a cardiovascular&#44; insuficiencia renal cr&#243;nica&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; pacientes ASA III y IV y en los casos que no haya sido posible realizar una historia cl&#237;nica y exploraci&#243;n correctas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Realizamos un estudio con el objetivo de evaluar la incidencia de alteraciones en el ECG preoperatorio en los pacientes programados para cirug&#237;a no cardiaca&#44; y se analiza si la edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os o el &#237;ndice de Lee &#8805; 1 suponen un factor de riesgo para presentar dichas alteraciones&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio retrospectivo y observacional&#46; Con la aprobaci&#243;n por el Comit&#233; de &#201;tica de la Investigaci&#243;n con Medicamentos &#40;n&#250;mero de registro 3831&#44; aprobaci&#243;n 10-10-19&#44; acta CEIm 18&#47;19&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A trav&#233;s del programa inform&#225;tico interno del hospital&#44; se obtuvieron todos los ECG de las consultas de preanestesia realizados entre el 15&#47;03&#47;2019 y 15&#47;04&#47;2019&#44; de pacientes programados para cirug&#237;a no cardiaca&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seg&#250;n el protocolo del hospital&#44; no se realiz&#243; ECG preoperatorio en los pacientes ASA I programados para cirug&#237;as de riesgo bajo e intermedio y tampoco en los pacientes ASA II programados para cirug&#237;as de riesgo bajo y de riesgo intermedio&#44; a excepci&#243;n de aquellos que presentaron diabetes mellitus complicada&#44; enfermedad cardiovascular o enfermedad renal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron los ECG por un anestesi&#243;logo&#44; siguiendo la siguiente sistem&#225;tica&#58; los ECG sin alteraciones se clasificaron en el estudio como &#171;normales&#187;&#46; En el caso de presentar alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas&#44; se enviaban los ECG al Servicio de Cardiolog&#237;a para clasificarlos&#44; a su vez&#44; como &#171;alteraciones mayores&#187; o &#171;alteraciones menores&#187;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Se definieron como alteraciones mayores aquellas que precisar&#237;an seguimiento especializado por el Servicio de Cardiolog&#237;a&#44; por acompa&#241;arse de aumento del riesgo de aparici&#243;n de eventos cardiovasculares&#44; incluyendo&#58; presencia de ondas Q&#44; cambios mayores en el segmento ST&#44; elevaci&#243;n del segmento ST&#44; cambios mayores en la onda T&#44; bloqueos auriculoventriculares Mobitz II o superiores&#44; bloqueo de rama izquierda y fibrilaci&#243;n auricular&#46; Las alteraciones menores se definieron como aquellas que no precisar&#237;an seguimiento por Cardiolog&#237;a&#44; debido a su improbable relaci&#243;n con la aparici&#243;n de complicaciones cardiovasculares perioperatorias&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Asimismo&#44; se evaluaron la edad&#44; los antecedentes personales cardiovasculares &#40;s&#237;ndrome coronario agudo&#44; insuficiencia cardiaca&#44; arterioesclerosis&#44; enfermedad cerebrovascular&#41;&#44; factores de riesgo cardiovascular &#40;hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; diabetes mellitus y dislipemia&#41; y el riesgo quir&#250;rgico&#44; seg&#250;n el tipo de cirug&#237;a&#46; El riesgo quir&#250;rgico se clasific&#243; como mayor&#44; intermedio y menor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#46; Se incluyeron como cirug&#237;as mayores&#44; intervenciones de aorta&#44; revascularizaci&#243;n abierta de miembros inferiores&#44; cirug&#237;a hepatobiliar&#44; esofaguectom&#237;a&#44; cistectom&#237;a y neumonectom&#237;a&#44; entre otras&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Con estos datos se calcul&#243; el &#237;ndice de Lee&#44; que recoge el tipo de cirug&#237;a y antecedentes personales de cardiopat&#237;a isqu&#233;mica&#44; insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva&#44; enfermedad cerebrovascular &#40;accidente cerebrovascular o accidente isqu&#233;mico transitorio&#41;&#44; diabetes mellitus que precisa de tratamiento con insulina y enfermedad renal cr&#243;nica con creatinina &#62; 2 mg&#47;dL&#46; Cuanto mayor es la puntuaci&#243;n de este &#237;ndice&#44; mayor es la probabilidad de sufrir eventos cardiovasculares graves en el periodo postoperatorio&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis descriptivo&#44; indicando frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables cualitativas&#44; media y desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar &#40;DE&#41; para las variables cuantitativas&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis bivariante se realiz&#243; mediante la prueba de &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> para estudiar las variables cualitativas entre grupos independientes&#44; con la prueba exacta de Fisher o la raz&#243;n de verosimilitud &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">likelihood ratio</span>&#41; cuando fue necesario&#46; Para el estudio de variables cuantitativas entre grupos independientes&#44; se utilizaron la prueba <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">t</span> de Student &#40;param&#233;trica&#44; en caso de normalidad&#41; y la prueba <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span> de Mann-Whitney &#40;no param&#233;trica&#44; en caso de distribuci&#243;n no normal&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La asociaci&#243;n entre la edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os y el &#237;ndice de Lee &#8805; 1 y las alteraciones en el ECG se resumieron con odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; e intervalo de confianza al 95&#37; &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&#44; obteniendo el an&#225;lisis multivariante de las diferentes variables mediante regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica&#46; La significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica se estableci&#243; con un valor de p menor a 0&#44;05 &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46; Los an&#225;lisis se llevaron a cabo con Stata&#47;SE&#44; versi&#243;n 13 &#40;Stata Corp&#44; College Station&#44; TX&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Resultados</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De los 476 sujetos de la muestra&#44; 383 &#40;80&#44;5&#37;&#41; presentaron ECG normal&#44; 31 de ellos presentaron alteraciones menores &#40;6&#44;5&#37;&#41; y en otros 62 &#40;13&#37;&#41; se encontraron alteraciones mayores&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> se recoge la incidencia de las alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas encontradas&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un total de 194 sujetos &#40;40&#44;8&#37;&#41; presentaron una edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os&#46; En cuanto a los factores de riesgo&#44; 155 &#40;32&#44;6&#37;&#41; ten&#237;an diagn&#243;stico de hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; 69 &#40;14&#44;4&#37;&#41; diabetes mellitus y 133 sujetos &#40;27&#44;9&#37;&#41; presentaban dislipemia&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El &#237;ndice de Lee medio fue de 0&#44;19 &#40;DE 0&#44;50&#41;&#44; presentando 75 pacientes &#40;16&#44;16&#37;&#41; un &#237;ndice de Lee &#8805; 1 y 12 pacientes &#40;2&#44;5&#37;&#41; un &#237;ndice de Lee &#8805; 2&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se encontr&#243; que las alteraciones en el ECG&#44; mayores y menores fueron m&#225;s prevalentes en los pacientes &#8805; 65 a&#241;os&#44; en aquellos que presentaban HTA&#44; diabetes mellitus&#44; dislipemia y mayor media de &#237;ndice de Lee &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el an&#225;lisis bivariante de los datos &#40;modelo 1 de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica cruda&#41;&#44; se objetiv&#243; que la edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os&#44; la HTA&#44; la presencia de diabetes mellitus y dislipemia y el &#237;ndice de Lee &#8805; 1&#44; presentaban una relaci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa con la aparici&#243;n de alteraciones totales en el ECG &#40;mayores y menores&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se llev&#243; a cabo posteriormente una regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica ajustada al resto de variables &#40;modelo 2&#41;&#44; encontrando que la edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os y la presencia de HTA se mantuvieron como factores independientes asociados con alteraciones en el ECG totales y mayores&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os se asoci&#243; con un mayor riesgo de alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas totales &#40;OR 3&#44;80&#59; IC 95&#37; 2&#44;19-6&#44;55&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41; y mayores &#40;OR 4&#44;42&#59; IC 95&#37; 2&#44;19-9&#44;83&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#44; siendo esta relaci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La presencia de HTA tambi&#233;n se asoci&#243; con mayor riesgo de presentar alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas totales &#40;OR 1&#44;86&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;07-3&#44;26&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;029&#41; y alteraciones mayores &#40;OR 3&#44;19&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;63-6&#44;22&#59; p &#60; 0&#44;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Al llevar a cabo el an&#225;lisis multivariante del resto de factores&#58; &#237;ndice de Lee &#8805; 1&#44; DM y dislipemia&#44; la asociaci&#243;n con la aparici&#243;n de alteraciones en el ECG no result&#243; estad&#237;sticamente significativa&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cerca del 20&#37; de los pacientes de nuestro estudio presentaron alteraciones en el ECG&#44; de los cuales&#44; un 62&#37; fueron alteraciones mayores&#46; La edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os y la HTA se presentaron como factores de riesgo independiente para presentar este tipo de alteraciones&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Correll et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> encontraron una incidencia de alteraciones en el ECG de 7&#44;8&#37; y concluyeron que la edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os y la presencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular predec&#237;an la presencia de alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas mayores&#46; En nuestro estudio reprodujimos resultados similares con la edad y la presencia de HTA&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular&#44; existen en la literatura evidencias de la asociaci&#243;n de HTA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; DM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> y dislipemia&#44; con la presencia de alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas&#46; En nuestra muestra s&#243;lo hemos encontrado una relaci&#243;n significativa con la presencia de HTA&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El &#237;ndice de Lee es una escala de riesgo preoperatorio que determina la probabilidad de desarrollar una complicaci&#243;n cardiovascular durante el periodo postoperatorio&#44; que incluye infarto de miocardio&#44; edema pulmonar&#44; fibrilaci&#243;n ventricular&#44; parada cardiaca o bloqueo cardiaco completo&#46; En las gu&#237;as de pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica se utiliza asociado al electrocardiograma y&#47;o diferentes biomarcadores &#40;p&#233;ptido natriur&#233;tico o troponina&#41;&#44; para determinar el riesgo individualizado de cada paciente&#44; por lo que su aumento podr&#237;a estar en relaci&#243;n con la aparici&#243;n de alteraciones en el ECG<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; En nuestro estudio encontramos una asociaci&#243;n significativa de la aparici&#243;n de alteraciones totales y mayores en el ECG con un &#237;ndice de Lee &#8805; 1&#44; pero dicho valor no se mantiene como factor de riesgo independiente en el an&#225;lisis multivariante&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio presenta varias limitaciones&#46; Una de ellas se refiere a la definici&#243;n de &#171;alteraci&#243;n mayor del ECG&#187;&#46; No existe en la literatura una definici&#243;n de consenso&#44; por lo que podr&#237;a resultar dif&#237;cil comparar los resultados con otros estudios de similares caracter&#237;sticas&#46; Por otro lado&#44; la evaluaci&#243;n inicial del ECG se llevaba a cabo por un anestesi&#243;logo&#44; lo cual podr&#237;a suponer un sesgo a la hora de seleccionar los ECG como normales o alterados&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; se trata de un estudio retrospectivo&#44; sin embargo&#44; nos parece poco probable que esto sea significativo porque un dise&#241;o prospectivo no tendr&#237;a la capacidad de cambiar un ECG o modificar los factores de riesgo de los pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ante los resultados obtenidos en nuestra muestra&#44; consideramos que los pacientes &#8805; 65 a&#241;os&#44; o aquellos con HTA&#44; se beneficiar&#237;an de realizar un ECG en el preoperatorio de cirug&#237;a no cardiaca&#44; y en caso de detectar alteraciones mayores&#44; ser valorados por el Servicio de Cardiolog&#237;a&#46; Estos pacientes presentan un riesgo aumentado de desarrollar eventos cardiovasculares en el postoperatorio&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes &#8805; 65 a&#241;os&#44; o aquellos con HTA&#44; tienen mayor riesgo de presentar alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas mayores&#44; por lo que recomendamos incluir en estos el ECG como prueba diagn&#243;stica preoperatoria de rutina en cirug&#237;a no cardiaca&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este trabajo no ha recibido ning&#250;n tipo de financiaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El electrocardiograma es la prueba m&#225;s utilizada para evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular durante el periodo preoperatorio&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la incidencia de alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas en la poblaci&#243;n general programada para cirug&#237;a no cardiaca y determinar si la edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os o el &#237;ndice de riesgo cardiaco revisado &#8805; 1 suponen un factor de riesgo para presentar dichas alteraciones&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Material y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Durante un periodo de un mes se analizaron todos los electrocardiogramas &#40;ECG&#41; preoperatorios de la consulta de anestesia&#46; Se recogieron datos epidemiol&#243;gicos y se calcul&#243; el &#237;ndice de riesgo cardiaco revisado&#46; Se definieron como alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas mayores aquellas que precisaban seguimiento por Cardiolog&#237;a&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se reclutaron 476 pacientes&#44; de los cuales 40&#44;8&#37; eran &#8805; 65 a&#241;os&#44; 32&#44;6&#37; ten&#237;an HTA&#44; 14&#44;4&#37; DM y 27&#44;9&#37; dislipemia&#46; Un 16&#44;16&#37; de los pacientes tuvieron un &#237;ndice de Lee &#8805; 1&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 80&#44;5&#37; de los pacientes presentaban un ECG normal&#44; el 6&#44;5&#37; alteraciones menores y el 13&#37;&#44; alteraciones mayores&#46;</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En el an&#225;lisis multivariante&#44; la edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os y la presencia de HTA se mostraron como factores de riesgo independiente para presentar alteraciones en el ECG totales y mayores&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El &#237;ndice de Lee &#8805; 1 no se asoci&#243; con un mayor riesgo de alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes &#8805; 65 a&#241;os o aquellos con HTA tienen mayor riesgo de presentar alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas mayores&#44; por lo que recomendamos incluir en estos el ECG como prueba diagn&#243;stica preoperatoria de rutina en cirug&#237;a no cardiaca&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Antecedentes"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Material y m&#233;todos"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Background</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The electrocardiogram is the most widely used test to assess cardiovascular risk during the preoperative period&#46;</p><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The objective of the present study is to evaluate the incidence of electrocardiographic alterations in the general population scheduled for non-cardiac surgery and to determine if the age greater than or equal to 65 years or the revised cardiac risk index &#8805; 1 represent a risk factor for presenting these alterations&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Material and methods</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Over a period of one month&#44; all preoperative electrocardiograms &#40;ECG&#41; from the anesthesia clinic were analyzed&#46; Various epidemiological data were collected and the revised cardiac risk index was calculated&#46; Major alterations were defined as those requiring Cardiology follow-up&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Results</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">476 patients were recruited&#44; of whom 40&#46;8&#37; were &#8805; 65 years&#44; 32&#46;6&#37; had HTN&#44; 14&#46;4&#37; DM and 27&#46;9&#37; dyslipidemia&#46; 16&#46;16&#37; of the patients had a Lee Index &#8805; 1&#46;</p><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Of the entire sample&#44; 80&#46;5&#37; had a normal ECG&#44; 6&#46;5&#37; minor alterations and 13&#46;0&#37; major alterations&#46;</p><p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the multivariate analysis&#44; age &#8805; 65 years and the presence of HTN were shown as independent risk factors for presenting alterations in the total and major ECG&#46;</p><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Lee index &#8805; 1 was not associated with an increased risk of electrocardiographic abnormalities&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients &#8805; 65 years old and those with HTN are at greater risk of presenting major electrocardiographic abnormalities&#44; so we recommend including the ECG as a routine diagnostic test in the preoperative period of non-cardiac surgery&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Background"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Material and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Alteraciones electrocardiogr&#225;ficas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n &#40;&#37; total&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No alteraciones ECG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">383 &#40;80&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alteraciones menores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;6&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bloqueo de rama derecha&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9 &#40;2&#44;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bloqueo auriculoventricular 1er grado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;0&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hemibloqueo anterior izquierdo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;2&#44;08&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hipertrofia ventricular izquierda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;0&#44;78&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bradicardia sinusal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;1&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Taquicardia sinusal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alteraciones mayores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62 &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Onda T mayor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;3&#44;91&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Onda Q&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;5&#44;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Alteraci&#243;n ST mayor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#44;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bloqueo de rama izquierda&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;3&#44;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Fibrilaci&#243;n auricular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;5&#44;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bloqueo auriculoventricular 2&#176; grado o superior&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#59; ECG&#58; electrocardiograma&#46;</p><p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Negrita indica significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica &#40;p &#60; 0&#44;05&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes y cirug&#237;a&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Normal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Menores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mayores&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Total&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">383 &#40;80&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;6&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62 &#40;13&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Caracter&#237;sticas de los pacientes</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60; 65 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;21&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805; 65 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">129 &#40;33&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;51&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">49 &#40;79&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; 0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#205;ndice de Lee</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice de Lee&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;2 &#40;0&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;2 &#40;0&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;4 &#40;0&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;025</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Categor&#237;as &#237;ndice de Lee&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice de Lee &#60; 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">376 &#40;98&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;96&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;95&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice de Lee &#8805; 2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;1&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;3&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;6&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;163&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice de Lee &#60; 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">329 &#40;85&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;87&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;72&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice de Lee &#8805; 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54 &#40;14&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;12&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;27&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;040</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">106 &#40;27&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;22&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;67&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">277 &#40;72&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;77&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;32&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; 0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diabetes&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">52 &#40;13&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;6&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;24&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">331 &#40;86&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;93&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;75&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;038</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dislipemia&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>S&#237;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97 &#40;25&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;22&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">29 &#40;46&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">286 &#40;74&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;77&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;53&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Tipo de cirug&#237;a&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Menor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">214 &#40;56&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;54&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;61&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intermedia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">152 &#40;39&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;38&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mayor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;3&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;6&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;4&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;875&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Factores de riesgo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Edad &#8805; 65 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;57 &#40;2&#44;80-7&#44;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; 0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;99 &#40;3&#44;67-13&#44;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; 0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#205;ndice de Lee &#8805; 1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;78 &#40;1&#44;01-3&#44;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;046</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;32 &#40;1&#44;24-4&#44;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;008</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>HTA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;91 &#40;1&#44;83-4&#44;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; 0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;59 &#40;3&#44;15-9&#44;94&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#60; 0&#44;001</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diabetes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;44 &#40;0&#44;79-2&#44;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;233&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#44;17 &#40;1&#44;13-4&#44;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;019</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dislipemia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;86 &#40;1&#44;16-3&#44;00&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">0&#44;011</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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ISSN: 00349356
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es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos