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Inicio Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología Estudio multicéntrico sobre la repercusión de las lesiones meniscales y de lig...
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Vol. 50. Núm. 2.
Páginas 84-92 (enero 2005)
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Vol. 50. Núm. 2.
Páginas 84-92 (enero 2005)
Acceso a texto completo
Estudio multicéntrico sobre la repercusión de las lesiones meniscales y de ligamento cruzado anterior previas a la cirugía protésica en pacientes intervenidos de prótesis de rodilla
Multi-center study on the repercussion of meniscal and ACL injuries prior to prosthetic replacement in patients undergoing TKR
Visitas
3683
F. Forriola,
Autor para correspondencia
fforriol@gmail.com

Correspondencia: Fremap. Ctra. Pozuelo n.o 61. 28220 Majadahonda. Madrid.
, D. Hernández-Vaquerob, J.C. Monllauc, F. Montserratd, J.R. Valentíe, J. Vaquerof
a FREMAP Majadahonda
b Hospital San Agustín. Avilés. Asturias
c Hospital del Mar. Barcelona
d Clínica La Esperanza. Barcelona
e Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Clínica Universitaria Navarra
f Servicio de COT. Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Objetivo

Evaluar la incidencia y repercusión de las lesiones e intervenciones previas en la articulación de la rodilla en pacientes operados de prótesis de rodilla.

Material y método

Se registraron 474 pacientes diagnosticados de gonartrosis intervenidos con una prótesis total de rodilla (PTR) primaria en 5 centros españoles, durante 12 meses, analizando sus características morfológicas y las lesiones e intervenciones previas sufridas en la articulación de la rodilla comparado con una población aleatoria de 129 pacientes intervenidos, en los mismos centros y en el mismo período de tiempo, de prótesis total de cadera (PTC) primaria. En cada paciente analizamos la edad, el sexo, el lado intervenido, el peso, la talla y el índice de masa corporal (IMC: kg/m2), las prótesis previas en la articulación contralateral o en otras articulaciones y el año de su colocación. Los parámetros evaluados fueron la alineación de la rodilla, la actividad laboral desempeñada previamente y en el momento de la intervención, la actividad física, las enfermedades e intervenciones generales previas a la intervención, los traumatismos padecidos, las intervenciones en la articulación de la rodilla y el estado óseo.

Resultados

No hemos encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo PTR y PTC comparando los traumatismos previos, la actividad laboral, las intervenciones del sistema musculoesquelético previas ni tampoco la alineación de la rodilla. En el grupo de las PTR no encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las lesiones de rodilla previas con la edad, el peso, la talla o el IMC ni entre la técnica quirúrgica previa de la articulación de la rodilla con la edad, el peso, la talla o el IMC. Sin embargo, en el grupo PTR hubo un mayor número de lesiones meniscales y un mayor IMC que entre los operados de PTC. Además, en las PTR las mujeres presentaron un IMC mayor (p < 0,006). Las amas de casa tenían el IMC más elevado (p < 0,02) entre todos los grupos laborales. Conclusiones. Se constató una correlación significativa entre artrosis de rodilla y obesidad, y también una correlación baja entre meniscectomía previa y artrosis de rodilla. Por ello, el tratamiento de la obesidad debe ser una medida preventiva de la artrosis de rodilla, y por tanto de los PTR. Los pacientes operados de meniscectomía o rotura de ligamento cruzado anterior deben ser estudiados con mayor detenimiento.

Palabras clave:
rodilla
prótesis total rodilla
prótesis total cadera
obesidad
menisco
ligamento cruzado anterior
Purpose

To assess the incidence and repercussion of previous lesions to and procedures in the knee joint in patients undergoing TKR.

Materials and methods

474 subjects were included, who had undergone primary TKR with a diagnosis of gonarthrosis in 5 Spanish hospitals. The patients were followed up over a period of 12 months, during which their morphological characteristics as well as the earlier lesions and procedures they had had in the knee joint were analyzed. A comparison was made with a random control population of 129 patients who underwent a primary THR. For each patient we analyzed the following factors: age, gender, the operated side, weight, height and body mass index (BMI: kg/m2), any prior prostheses in the contralateral – or any other - joint and the year it/they had been implanted. Other parameters assessed were: knee alignment, occupational profile of the patient at and prior to the time of operation, their degree of physical activity, any diseases or general operations suffered prior to the procedure, any trauma experienced, any surgery to the knee joint as well as the overall bone stock condition.

Results

We did not find statistically significant differences between the TKR and the THR groups as regards previous trauma, occupational profile, previous surgery to the musculoskeletal system or knee alignment. In the TKR group, we did not find statistically significant differences between the previously sustained knee injuries and the patients’ age, weight, height or BMI; or between the surgical technique used in any previous surgery to the knee joint and the patients’ age, weight, height or BMI. Nonetheless, there was a larger number of meniscal lesions as well as a higher BMI in the TKR group than in the THR patients. Furthermore, in TKRs female patients showed a higher BMI (p<0,006), given that housewives had a higher BMI (p<0,02) then any of the other occupational groups.

Conclusions

A significant correlation was found between knee osteoarthritis and obesity as well as a low correlation between previous meniscectomy and knee osteoarthritis. For that reason, obesity treatment should be a preventive measure against knee osteoarthritis and therefore it should be employed prior to a TKR. Patients undergoing a meniscectomy or ACL repair surgery should be considered more carefully.

Key words:
knee
total knee replacement
total hip replacement
obesity
meniscus
anterior cruciate ligament
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