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Inicio Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI Control de Tracción en Robots Móviles con Ruedas
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Vol. 9. Núm. 4.
Páginas 393-405 (octubre - diciembre 2012)
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Vol. 9. Núm. 4.
Páginas 393-405 (octubre - diciembre 2012)
Open Access
Control de Tracción en Robots Móviles con Ruedas
Traction Control for Wheeled Mobile Robots
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7168
R. Fernándeza,
Autor para correspondencia
roemi.fernandez@car.upm-csic.es

Autors para correspondencia.
, R. Aracilb,
Autor para correspondencia
rafael.aracil@car.upm-csic.es

Autors para correspondencia.
, M. Armadaa,
Autor para correspondencia
manuel.armada@car.upm-csic.es

Autors para correspondencia.
a Centro de Automá tica y Robótica CSIC-UPM, Ctra. Campo Real, Km. 0,200, La Poveda, Arganda del Rey, 28500, Madrid, España
b Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Centro de Automática y Robótica UPM-CSIC, C/José Gutiérrez Abascal, no 2, 28006, Madrid, España
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En este trabajo se presenta una solución para mejorar el rendimiento de los robots móviles con ruedas que se desplacen sobre superficies con un bajo coeficiente de fricción estática. En estas circunstancias, los robots móviles con ruedas pueden experimentar pérdidas de tracción, y por tanto, sufrir deslizamientos a lo largo de la superficie. La solución descrita propone la utilización de una configuración especial para el robot móvil, en la que todas las ruedas son accionadas de forma independiente, y una estructura de control que consta de tres partes bien diferenciadas: un controlador de seguimiento con realimentación de estado basado en el modelo cinemático del robot, una extensión de la ley de control cinemático resultante para incorporar la dinámica del robot móvil utilizando backstepping, y un algoritmo de distribución de la fuerza de tracción global, que calcula las señales de referencia adecuadas para cada una de las ruedas. Con esta estructura se consigue controlar la posición y la velocidad del robot móvil, y al mismo tiempo, distribuir la fuerza de tracción global entre las ruedas, evitando así el deslizamiento del robot. El funcionamiento de los algoritmos de control es evaluado mediante pruebas experimentales.

Palabras clave:
robots móviles
distribución de la fuerza de tracción global
control no lineal
deslizamientos
superficies con bajo coeficiente de fricción estática
Abstract

This article presents a solution to improve the performance of wheeled mobile robots that move upon surfaces with small coefficient of static friction. In these circumstances the wheeled mobile robots can experience loss of traction and therefore, slide along the surface. The proposed solution implies the use of a special configuration for the mobile robot, in which all the wheels are driven independently, and a control structure which consists of three distinct parts: firstly, a state-feedback tracking controller based on the kinematic model of the mobile robot is derived. Secondly, an extension of the kinematic control law is made to incorporate the dynamics of the wheeled mobile robot via backstepping. Thirdly, a traction force distribution algorithm that calculates the proper reference signals for each rear wheel is included and the feedback tracking control laws are finally completed. With this solution is possible to control the position and the velocity of the wheeled mobile robot but, at the same time, to distribute the traction force between the wheels in such a way that their sliding is avoided. The effectiveness and usefulness of the designed control algorithms are demonstrated in laboratory experiments using a prototype of the wheeled mobile robot.

Keywords:
Wheeled mobile robots
traction force distribution
nonlineal control
slide
static friction coefficient
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