Los Sistemas de Suspensión Activa y Semiactiva: Una Revisión

Resumen

El propósito de este artículo es efectuar una revisión del estado del conocimiento en el modelado y control de los sistemas de suspensión activa y semiactiva. Se analizan las principales características de los diferentes tipos de sistemas de suspensión: pasiva, activa y semiactiva. Respecto al modelado y simulación de los sistemas de suspensión, se examinan los distintos enfoques, herramientas y aplicaciones en el contexto de la dinámica vehicular. Además, para el modelo de un cuarto de vehículo, ampliamente utilizado en la literatura, se ofrece su desarrollo mediante ecuaciones diferenciales, función de transferencia, y ecuaciones de estado, incluyendo soluciones y simulaciones en Simulink y SimMechanics. En cuanto al control, se revisan las principales estrategias para la suspensión de vehículos y se apuntan aplicaciones en otros campos de la ingeniería.

Abstract

This paper reviews the state of the art in modeling and control of active and semi-active suspension systems. Distinctive characteristics are established for the major types of suspension systems: passive, active, and semi-active. Regarding modeling and simulation, different approaches, tools and applications are discussed in the context of vehicle dynamics. Besides, the quarter car model, which is widely used in research, is developed with differential equations, transfer functions, and state-space equations, as well as solutions for simulation in Simulink and SimMechanics. As for control of active and semi-active systems, the major strategies for vehicle suspension are reviewed. Furthermore, the paper outlines suspension control in other engineering applications.

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