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Inicio Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI Programación y Control de Sistemas de Fabricación Flexibles: un Enfoque Holón...
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Vol. 12. Núm. 1.
Páginas 58-68 (enero - marzo 2015)
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5584
Vol. 12. Núm. 1.
Páginas 58-68 (enero - marzo 2015)
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Programación y Control de Sistemas de Fabricación Flexibles: un Enfoque Holónico
Scheduling and Control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems: a Holonic Approach
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J.A. Araúzoa,
Autor para correspondencia
arauzo@eii.uva.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, R. del-Olmo-Martínezb, J.J. Laviósb, J.J. de-Benito-Martína
a Departamento de Organización de Empresas y CIM, Universidad de Valladolid, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, P° del Cauce, 59, E-47011, Valladolid
b Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Burgos, Escuela Politécnica Superior (Edificio La Milanera), C/ Villadiego s/n, E-09001, Burgos
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Los sistemas de fabricación holónicos constituyen un nuevo paradigma de producción. Incluidos dentro de las metodologías distribuidas, proponen nuevos esquemas de gestión de la fabricación que combinan auto-organización, jerarquías dinámicas y relaciones horizontales. Este enfoque es más cercano a la naturaleza de los sistemas de fabricación que las aproximaciones clásicas, centralizadas o estrictamente jerárquicas y permiten modelar los sistemas productivos de forma más realista, facilitando la implementación de sistemas más flexibles, escalables y robustos. En este artículo proponemos un sistema de programación y control para sistemas de fabricación flexibles desarrollado según el paradigma holónico. El sistema se basa en una nueva arquitectura que integra dos niveles de decisión: uno de programación basado en subastas, donde cada holón realiza su propio programa local; y otro de lanzamiento y control, a través del cual se coordinan las actividades de los holones. A diferencia de otros trabajos, donde los programas locales son integrados en un programa global que centraliza el sistema, en el sistema propuesto no ocurre así. Es el mecanismo de lanzamiento y control el que integra los programas locales. Además, el prototipo desarrollado puede funcionar con diferentes grados de descentralización, lo que permite valorar las ventajas que proporciona nuestra aproximación mediante simulación.

Palabras clave:
Control de la producción
sistemas de producción
algoritmos de programación
sistemas de fabricación flexibles
sistemas de fabricación inteligentes.
Abstract

Holonic Manufacturing Systems are a new manufacturing paradigm. They are included into distributed methodologies and propose new manufacturing management schemes that combine self-organization, dynamic hierarchies and horizontal relationships. This approach is closer to manufacturing system nature than centralized or strictly traditional hierarchical approaches. It allows modeling manufacturing systems in a more realistic way. So, it make easier to implement more flexible, scalable, responsiveness, reconfigurable, and robust production management systems. In this paper we propose a holonic system for scheduling and control of flexible manufacturing systems. The system is based on a new architecture that integrates two decision levels: a level of auction-based scheduling, where each holon performs its own local schedule, and another level of dispatching and control that coordinate holons activities. Unlike other studies in which local schedules are integrated into a global schedule that centralizes the system, the proposed system is not so. The dispatching and control mechanism is responsible to integrate the local programs. In addition, the developed prototype can operate with different degrees of decentralization, which allows evaluating the advantages that our approach provides by means of simulation.

Keywords:
Production control
production systems
scheduling algorithms
flexible manufacturing systems
intelligent manufacturing systems.
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