Información del artículo
Resumen
El problema del seguimiento de trayectoria en robots manipuladores ha sido abordado aplicando una gran variedad de controladores, desde estructuras sencillas basadas en PD hasta otras más complejas basadas en controladores adaptativos y robustos. Estas últimas técnicas presentan inconvenientes como la presunción de ciertas cotas en los términos de la ecuación dinámica del robot o la no inclusión de las ligaduras del sistema en el algoritmo de control. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión de las técnicas clásicas de control de manipuladores y se introduce un conjunto de técnicas novedosas de control robusto y de control predictivo, con las que se evitan los problemas comentados. En particular se describe un controlador con una acción robusta autoadaptativa, necesaria para evitar los errores en la cancelación de términos no lineales de la dinámica del robot. Este esquema es mejorado mediante técnicas predictivas que permiten la inclusión de las ligaduras de movimiento del robot en el algoritmo de control. Se incluyen resultados reales y en simulación en un robot PUMA-560 de Unimation que prueban la bondad de dichos controladores.
Palabras clave:
Manipuladores robot
Control Robusto
Control Adaptativo
Control Autoadaptativo
Control Predictivo
Implementación
Tareas en tiempo real
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