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Vol. 56. Issue 4.
Pages 355-365 (January 2004)
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Vol. 56. Issue 4.
Pages 355-365 (January 2004)
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By-pass distales a arterias perimaleolares en la isquemia crítica de las extremidades inferiores
Bypasses that are distal to the perimalleolar arteries in critical ischemia of the lower limbs
By-pass distais as arterias perimaleolares na isquemia crítica das extremidades inferiores
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J.M. Zaragozá-García*, A. Plaza-Martínez, J.I. Blanes-Mompó, J.L. Briones-Estebánez, F.J. Gómez-Palonés, I. Martínez-Perelló, I. Crespo-Moreno, E. Ortiz-Monzón
Servicio de Angiologia, Cirugía Vascular y Endovascular. Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset. Valencia España.
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Resumen

Objetivos. Analizar los resultados obtenidos a corto y largo plazo de las derivaciones distales en la región perimaleolar en la isquemia critica de las extremidades y estudiar qué factores influyen en la permeabilidad de éstas.

Pacientes y métodos

Desde noviembre de 1993 hasta mayo de 2002 se practicaron 125 by-pass distales en 114 pacientes con isquemia crítica (76 hombres y 38 mujeres) con una edad media de 71 años (intervalo: 47-93). El 74,4% presentaba lesión isquémica en el momento de la cirugía. La arteria femoral superficial fue la localización más frecuente de anastomosis proximal, y la pedia como distal. El injerto que más se utilizó fue la vena safena interna. Análisis estadístico: comparativo de permeabilidad (Kaplan-Meier y test de log-rank) y univariante (chi al cuadrado, t de Student) de los factores que pudieran influir en ella.

Resultados

El seguimiento medio fue de 36 meses (intervalo: 198 meses). La permeabilidad operatoria fue del 82%. La permeabilidad primaria a los 36 meses fue del 62% y la secundaria del 63%. La tasa de salvamento de la extremidad a los 12 y 36 meses fue del 68% y 63%. La permeabilidad a largo plazo fue mayor en pacientes diabéticos que en no diabéticos (p <0,05).

Conclusiones

El by-pass distal ha demostrado ser una buena técnica de salvamento de la extremidad. La permeabilidad primaria de las derivaciones es mayor en los pacientes diabéticos que en los no diabéticos.

Palabras clave:
Isquemia crítica
Revascularización femorodistal perimaleolar
Tratamiento quirúrgico
Salvamento de extremidad
Summary
Aims

The objective of this study was to analyse the short and long-term results offered by distal bypasses in the perimalleolar region in cases of critical ischemia of the limbs and to examine the factors that affect their patency.

Patients and methods

Between November 1993 and May 2002 125 distal bypasses were carried out on 114 patients with critical ischemia (76 males and 38 females) with a mean age of 71 years (interval: 47-93). Of these, 74.4% presented ischemic lesions at the time of the surgical intervention. The superficial femoral artery was the most frequent location of proximal anastomosis, and the dorsalis pedis was the most common in the case of distal anastomosis. The graft that was most often used was the internal saphenous vein. Statistical analysis: a comparison of patency (Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test) and univariate analysis (chi-squared, Student's t) of the factors that may influence it.

Results

Mean follow-up was 36 months (interval: 1-98 months). Operative patency was 82%. Primary patency at 36 months was 62% and secondary was 63%. Limb salvage rate at 12 and 36 months was 68% and 63% respectively. Long-term patency was higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetics (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Distal bypass has proved to be a good limb salvage technique. Primary patency of the grafts is higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics.

Key words:
Critical ischemia
Limb salvage
Perimalleolar femorodistal revascularisation
Surgical treatment
Resumo

Objectivos. Analisar os resultados obtidos a curto e longo prazo das derivações distais na região perimaleolar na isquemia crítica das extremidades e estudar que factores influem na permeabilidade destas.

Doentes e métodos

Desde Novembro de 1993 até Maio de 2002 foram executados 125 by-pass distais em 114 doentes com isquemia crítica (76 homens e 38 mulheres) com uma idade media de 71 anos (intervalo: 47-93). 74,4% apresentavam lesão isquémica no momento da cirurgia. A artéria femoral superficial foi a localização mais frequente de anastomose proximal, e a pedial como distal. O enxerto que mais se utilizou foi a veia safena interna. Análise estatística: comparativo de permeabilidade (Kaplan-Meier e teste de log-rank) e univariante (chi ao quadrado, t de Student) dos factores que puderam influenciá-la.

Resultados

O seguimento médio foi de 36 meses (intervalo: 1-98 meses). A permeabilidade operatória foi de 82%. A permeabilidade primária aos 36 meses foi de 62% e a secundária de 63%. A taxa de salvamento da extremidade aos 12 e 36 meses foi de 68% e 63%. A permeabilidade a longo prazo foi maior em doentes diabéticos que em não diabéticos (p <0,05).

Conclusões

O by-pass distal demonstrou ser uma boa técnica de salvamento da extremidade. A permeabilidade primária das derivações é maior nos doentes diabéticos que nos não diabéticos.

Palavras chave:
Isquemia crítica
Revascularização femorodistal perimaleolar
Tratamento cirúrgico
Salvamento de extremidade
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