Article information
Resumen
Las parasitosis intestinales presentan una alta prevalencia en áreas tropicales y países en desarrollo, pero también son frecuentes en países industrializados. Tradicionalmente, su diagnóstico se ha realizado por el examen microscópico de las heces del paciente. Estas determinaciones muestran una sensibilidad pobre, exigen la toma de muestras seriadas, son muy laboriosas y requieren especialización técnica. En los últimos años, el avance en el estudio molecular de estos parásitos y la investigación de la respuesta inmune específica del paciente, junto con el empleo de las nuevas metodologías diagnósticas, han posibilitado el desarrollo de sistemas de detección más eficaces que apoyan al clínico, permiten el seguimiento de los tratamientos y facilitan los estudios epidemiológicos. Entre ellos, cabe destacar los métodos de detección de coproantígenos, que, en general, presentan buena especificidad y sensibilidad, y además se desarrollan en formatos sencillos, unas propiedades que los convierten en una herramienta útil en los laboratorios de microbiología.
Palabras clave:
Coproantígenos
Diagnóstico
Parasitosis intestinales
Abstract
Intestinal parasites are highly prevalent in tropical areas and developing countries, but are also common in industrialised countries as well. Traditionally, their diagnosis has been made by microscopic examinations of the faeces of the patient. These have been shown to have poor sensitivity, require serial samples, are very time-consuming and require a specialised technique. In the last few years, advances in the molecular biology of these parasites and research into the specific immune response of the patient, has made it possible to develop more efficient detection systems that help the clinician, allow treatments to be followed up and make it easier to carry out epidemiological studies. Among these systems are the methods for detecting faecal antigens, which, in general, have good specificity and sensitivity; properties which make them a useful tool in microbiology laboratories.
Keywords:
Faecal antigens
Diagnosis
Intestinal parasites
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