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El diagnóstico microbiológico convencional de las infecciones fúngicas y parasitarias se ha caracterizado por su escasa sensibilidad diagnóstica, su laboriosidad y la necesidad de microscopistas experimentados. Frente a ellos, los métodos diagnósticos basados en la detección de ácidos nucleicos son una alternativa magnífica para superar estos problemas, aunque todavía no han dado respuesta satisfactoria a todas las situaciones. Los métodos moleculares utilizados son variados, la mayoría basados en técnicas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos, y han demostrado ser útiles para los diagnósticos micológico y parasitológico, los estudios epidemiológicos y taxonómicos, y para el seguimiento de la respuesta a los diferentes tratamientos y la detección de resistencias. Es posible que su implantación presente dificultades en los países en vías de desarrollo, debido a su mayor coste; pero los métodos de diagnóstico molecular ya comienzan a extenderse en los laboratorios de microbiología clínica y rivalizan, con éxito, con los métodos clásicos. En este trabajo, nos proponemos revisar la situación actual de los métodos moleculares en el diagnóstico de las infecciones fúngicas y parasitarias.
Palabras clave:
Micosis
Parasitosis
Diagnóstico molecular
PCR
Conventional microbiological diagnosis of fungal infections and parasitic diseases has been characterized by low diagnostic sensitivity, laboriousness, and the need for expert microscopists. Consequently, diagnostic methods based on the detection of nucleic acids are a magnificent alternative to overcome these problems, but have not yet provided a satisfactory response in all situations. The molecular methods used are varied and most are based on techniques of nucleic acid amplification. These techniques have proved useful for mycological and parasitological diagnosis, for epidemiological and taxonomic studies, and for monitoring the response to different treatments and detection of resistance. The introduction of these techniques in developing countries may be hampered by their higher cost but molecular diagnostic methods are already beginning to spread in clinical microbiology laboratories and are competing successfully with traditional methods. The present article reviews the current status of molecular methods in the diagnosis of fungal and parasitic infections.
Key words:
Mycosis
Parasitic diseases
Molecular diagnosis
PCR
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