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Vol. 29. Issue S2.
Micafungina: nuevos retos y nuevas posibilidades en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora
Pages 43-49 (March 2011)
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Vol. 29. Issue S2.
Micafungina: nuevos retos y nuevas posibilidades en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora
Pages 43-49 (March 2011)
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
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¿Es útil el uso de micafungina en la profilaxis de la enfermedad fúngica invasora en el paciente hematológico?
Is micafungin useful in the prophylaxis of invasive fungal disease in hematological patients?
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3402
Miguel Salaverta,
Corresponding author
salavert_mig@gva.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Isidro Jarqueb
a Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, España
b Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, España
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Resumen

La profilaxis antifúngica es la primera opción para combatir la infección fúngica en los pacientes hematológicos de alto riesgo (inducción a la remisión de leucemia mieloblástica aguda/síndrome mielodisplásico, trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos). La profilaxis con fluconazol no es efectiva para prevenir la infección por mohos, principalmente la aspergilosis invasora, por lo que actualmente el triazol recomendado en pacientes hematológicos de alto riesgo es el posaconazol. No obstante, dado que la administración del posaconazol sólo es posible por vía oral, puede ser necesario recurrir a una profilaxis alternativa. La profilaxis antifúngica con micafungina es una opción atractiva. La micafungina a dosis de 50 mg/día (1 mg/kg si peso ≤ 40 kg) está aprobada para profilaxis de candidiasis en receptores de trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Se han evaluado dosis más altas en adultos (100, 150 mg/día) y en niños (3 mg/kg/día) con buenos resultados de eficacia y seguridad. Su espectro de actividad, que incluye tanto Candida como Aspergillus, junto a una farmacocinética favorable, en cuanto a la ausencia de interacciones farmacológicas relevantes, la hace adecuada en el receptor de trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos así como en pacientes hematológicos que siguen protocolos terapéuticos con alcaloides de la vinca. Está por determinar la dosis óptima para la profilaxis, que sea igualmente coste-efectiva, así como pautas alternativas a la administración intravenosa diaria, que permitirían extender su uso más allá de la hospitalización convencional (hospital de día, trasplante domiciliario).

Palabras clave:
Micafungina
Profilaxis antifúngica
Enfermedad fúngica invasora
Neoplasias hematológicas
Trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos
Neutropenia
Abstract

Antifungal prophylaxis is the first option to fight against fungal infection in high-risk hematological patients (remission of induction of acute myeloblastic leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation). Fluconazole prophylaxis is not effective in preventing infection with moulds, mainly invasive aspergillosis, and consequently the triazole currently recommended in high-risk hematological patients is posaconazole. Nevertheless, given that posaconazole can only be administered orally, alternative prophylaxis may be required. Antifungal prophylaxis with micafungin is an attractive option. At a dose of 50 mg/day (1 mg/kg if weight is ≤ 40 kg) micafungin is approved for the prophylaxis of candidiasis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Higher doses have been evaluated in adults (100 mg/day, 150 mg/day) and in children (3 mg/kg/day) with good efficacy and safety. Because of this agent’s spectrum of activity, which includes both Candida and Aspergillus, together with its favorable pharmacokinetic profile regarding to the absence of significant drug interactions, this agent is appropriate in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and in hematological patients following therapeutic protocols with vinca alkaloids. The optimal and most cost-effective dose for prophylaxis, as well as alternative regimens to daily intravenous administration, which would allow the use of this drug beyond conventional hospitalization (day care hospital, domiciliary transplantation therapy), remain to be determined.

Keywords:
Micafungin
Antifungal prophylaxis
Invasive fungal disease
Hematological malignancies
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Neutropenia
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Copyright © 2011. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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