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Vol. 26. Issue S6.
Farmacogenética en la infección por el VIH
Pages 10-17 (May 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S6.
Farmacogenética en la infección por el VIH
Pages 10-17 (May 2008)
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Farmacogenética de la respuesta al tratamiento antirretroviral
The pharmacogenetics of response to antiretroviral therapy
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Sonia Rodríguez-Nóvoaa,
Corresponding author
sonia_r_novoa@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Unidad de Farmacología Clínica. Hospital Carlos III. Silesio Delgado, 10. 28029 Madrid. España.
, Vicente Soriano Vázquezb
a Unidad de Farmacología Clínica. Hospital Carlos III. Madrid. España
b Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Carlos III. Madrid. España
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Existe una elevada variabilidad interindividual en las concentraciones plasmáticas de la mayoría de antirretrovirales, que puede condicionar diferencias en la tasa de respuesta y toxicidad. Entre los factores determinantes de esta exposición variable a los antivirales figuran diferencias en el metabolismo, interacciones por el uso de varias medicaciones, problemas en la adherencia al tratamiento, enfermedades subyacentes y factores genéticos del huésped.

La farmacogenética es la disciplina que analiza las bases genéticas de la variación interindividual en la biodisponibilidad y respuesta a los fármacos. Su objetivo es proporcionar las bases para una individualización de la terapia. Entre los factores genéticos asociados de alguna forma con la respuesta al tratamiento antirretroviral se encuentran aquellos que directa o indirectamente afectan a las concentraciones plasmáticas de los antivirales. Es el caso de las proteínas de transporte de los fármacos y las enzimas metabolizadoras. Por otro lado se encuentran factores relacionados con el huésped que influyen en la respuesta antiviral, como las interleucinas y el complejo mayor de histocompatibilidad. En el presente capítulo se analizan los marcadores genéticos más relevantes asociados con la respuesta al tratamiento antirretroviral.

Palabras clave:
VIH
Tratamiento antirretroviral
Farmacogenética

The plasma concentrations of most antiretroviral drugs show wide interindividual variability, which may lead to differences in response rate and toxicity. Among the factors determining this variable exposure to antiviral drugs are differences in metabolism, interactions due to the use of concomitant medication, problems in treatment adherence, underlying diseases, and host genetic factors. Pharmacogenetics analyzes the genetic bases of interindividual variation in the bioavailability and response to drugs. The aim is to establish the foundations for individualized therapy. Among the genetic factors that are in some way involved in antiretroviral treatment response are those that directly or indirectly affect antiviral plasma concentrations, as is the case of drug transport proteins and metabolizing enzymes. Some host factors also influence antiviral response, such as interleukins and major histocompatibility complex. The present article analyzes the most important genetic markers associated with antiretroviral treatment response.

Key words:
HIV
Antiretroviral treatment
Pharmacogenetics
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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