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Vol. 19. Issue 6.
Pages 261-266 (June 2001)
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Vol. 19. Issue 6.
Pages 261-266 (June 2001)
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Infección genital y esterilidad
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Rubí Rodríguez
,1
Corresponding author
rubrod@ull.es

Correspondencia: Dra. R. N. Rodríguez Díaz. C/ La Era nº 17. Guamasa. 38330 La Laguna. Tenerife
, Rafael Hernández*, Álvaro Torres*, Pedro Prieto**, José Alberto*
* Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de La Laguna. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Tenerife. España
** Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de La Laguna. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Tenerife. España
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Fundamentos

La infección genital es la principal causa de esterilidad en el mundo, no sólo en patología tubárica, sino que afecta también cada una de las diversas partes de la anatomía genital, tanto masculina como femenina. No obstante, no existen en la literatura médica trabajos que comparen la incidencia de estas infecciones en personas estériles respecto a un grupo control

Métodos

Presentamos un estudio prospectivo, randomizado y normalizado de enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) realizado a 487 mujeres, de las que 376 eran estériles y 111 que no lo eran se constituyeron como grupo control

Resultados

El 47,3% de las pacientes estériles presentaron algún tipo de infección. Respecto a las ETS destacó la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis presente en el 10,7%, en tanto que sólo un 0,3% tuvo gonococia y ningún caso de sífilis. De las vaginitis se aislaron levaduras del género Candida en el 12,9%, seguido por un 5% de casos de vaginosis bacteriana, mientras que de las enterobacterias gramnegativas se identificaron en un 3,8% Escherichia coli y en el 0,3%, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Es de reseñar el alto aislamiento de Ureaplasma urealyticum, un 23,5%, seguido por un 4,8% de casos de Mycoplasma hominis. Se detectaron anticuerpos que indicaban el padecimiento previo de hepatitis en el 7,8% de las pacientes. Al comparar la incidencia de C. trachomatis en pacientes estériles con el grupo control, se estableció una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de clamidia y esterilidad, obteniendo valores ÷ 1 2=6.070, p<0,005. Al relacionar la infección por U. urealyticum y esterilidad, se obtuvieron valores de ÷ 1 2=8.782, p<0,005, existiendo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre esta infección y la esterilidad

Conclusiones

Estimamos la necesidad de realizar el diagnóstico infeccioso rutinario en pacientes estériles, no sólo de gonococia y clamidia, sino también de micoplasmas, al haberse identificado estos 2 últimos agentes con una mayor incidencia en el grupo estudio. Se les debe considerar como de riesgo de padecer infecciones de transmisión sexual, ya que la incidencia global de agentes transmitidos sexualmente es superior a la del grupo control. Insistimos en la importancia de la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz de estas infecciones que redundarán en una disminución del número de casos de esterilidad y de obstrucción tubárica bilateral

Palabras clave:
esterilidad
infección
enfermedad de transmission sexual
Background

Genital infection is the most important cause of infertility worldwide, affecting not only Fallopian tubes but all anatomic urogenital sites, both male and female

Methods

We present a randomized, prospective and normalized study about sexually transmitted diseases (STD). We include 487 patients, 376 of whom were infertile and the remaining 111 were not and act as control group

Results

47.3% of infertile patients showed at least one infection: 10.7% had Chlamydia trachomatis infection, whereas only 0.3% had gonococal infection. We found none syphilis. 12.9% of the patients showed yeast belonging to genus Candida, 5% bacterial vaginosis, 3.8% Escherichia coli and 0.3% Klebsiella pneumoniae. The percentage of isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were 23.5% and 4.8%, respectively. We detected antibodies against Hepatitis B (any serological marker) in 7.8% of the cases. Chlamydial infection and the presence of U. urealyticum were related with infertility (÷ 1 2=6,070, p<0.005 and ÷ 1 2=8,782, p<0.005, respectively)

Conclusions

We think these results conclude that is necessary to perform routine tests to screen for C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, and for infections caused by micoplasma as well, among infertile patients. These patients must be considered of being at risk of acquiring STD, since the percentage of these diseases is higher than the percentage we found among the control group. It is important to insist on prevention and early diagnosis and treatment as a main goal to decrease the number of tubal occlusion and infertile couples

Key words:
Infertility
genital infection
sexually transmitted
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Copyright © 2001. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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