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El diagnóstico rápido de las infecciones agudas del sistema nervioso central (meningitis y encefalitis), tanto virales como bacterianas, tiene gran trascendencia en el tratamiento clínico del paciente, lo cual ayuda a plantear de forma temprana tratamientos que pueden resolver situaciones con afectación vital, evitar tratamientos empíricos innecesarios, disminuir la estancia hospitalaria y facilitar las actuaciones pertinentes en el ámbito de la salud pública.
Las técnicas moleculares, sobre todo la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa a tiempo real, se han convertido en nuestro medio en el procedimiento diagnóstico más rápido y sensible en el caso de meningitis y encefalitis virales autóctonas, y cada día tienen más protagonismo en el diagnóstico y el control de las meningitis bacterianas agudas más frecuentes.
La automatización y la utilización de sistemas cerrados pueden facilitar la generalización del uso de las técnicas moleculares a la mayoría de los laboratorios para el diagnóstico de estos procesos neurológicos.
Palabras clave:
Meningitis aguda
Encefalitis aguda
Virus
Bacterias
Rapid diagnosis of acute viral and bacterial infections of the central nervous system (meningitis and encephalitis) is highly important for the clinical management of the patient and helps to establish early therapy that may solve life-threatening situations, to avoid unnecessary empirical treatments, to reduce hospital stay, and to facilitate appropriate interventions in the context of public health. Molecular techniques, especially real-time polymerase chain reaction, have become the fastest and most sensitive diagnostic procedures for autochthonous viral meningitis and encephalitis, and their role is becoming increasingly important for the diagnosis and control of most frequent acute bacterial meningitides.
Automatic and closed systems may encourage the widespread and systematic use of molecular techniques for the diagnosis of these neurological syndromes in most laboratories.
Key words:
Acute meningitis
Acute encephalitis
Virases
Bacteria
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