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Vol. 34. Issue 2.
Pages 90-99 (April - June 2023)
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Vol. 34. Issue 2.
Pages 90-99 (April - June 2023)
Review article
Adjuvant treatments to invasive mechanical ventilation in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19
Tratamientos coadyuvantes a la ventilación mecánica invasiva en el manejo del síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo secundario a covid-19
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I. Escribano-Santanaa,
Corresponding author
iescribano1990@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M.L. Martínez-Gimenob, L. Herráiz-Bermejoa
a Centro Universitario San Rafael-Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
b Fundación San Juan de Dios, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud San Rafael-Nebrija, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
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Table 1. Search equations and combination of document terms in the different databases.
Table 2. Study characteristics.
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Abstract
Introduction

This bibliographic review is carried out in order to obtain answers about aspects related to techniques and treatments, as well as care associated with the critically ill patient diagnosed with Covid-19.

Objective

To analyze the available scientific evidence on the effectiveness of the use of invasive mechanical ventilation together with other adjuvant techniques, in reducing the mortality rate in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and clinical trial of Covid-19 treated in intensive care units.

Methodology

A systematized bibliographic review was carried out in the Pubmed, Cuiden, Lilacs, Medline, Cinahl and Google Scholar databases, using MeSH terms (Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Mechanical Ventilation, Prone Position, Nitric Oxide, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Nursing Care) and the corresponding Boolean operators. The selected studies underwent a critical reading carried out between December 6, 2020 and March 27, 2021 using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool in Spanish and a cross-sectional epidemiological studies evaluation instrument.

Results

A total of 85 articles were selected. After performing the critical reading, a total of 7 articles were included in the review, 6 being descriptive studies and 1 cohort study. After analyzing these studies, it appears that the technique that has obtained the best results is ECMO, with the care provided by qualified and trained nursing staff being very important.

Conclusion

Mortality from Covid-19 increases in patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation compared to patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Nursing care and specialization can have an impact on improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
Mechanical ventilation
Prone position
Nitric oxide
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Nursing care
Mortality
Resumen
Introducción

La presente revisión bibliográfica está realizada con el fin de obtener respuestas acerca de aspectos relacionados con las técnicas y tratamientos, así como cuidados asociados al paciente crítico diagnosticado con Covid-19.

Objetivo

Analizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre la efectividad de la utilización de la ventilación mecánica invasiva junto con otras técnicas coadyuvantes, en la reducción de la tasa de mortalidad en pacientes con Síndrome de Distrés Respiratorio Agudo y juicio clínico de Covid-19 atendidos en unidades de cuidados intensivos.

Metodología

Se realizó una Revisión Bibliográfica sistematizada en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cuiden, Lilacs, Medline, Cinahl y Google Scholar, utilizando términos MeSH (Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Mechanical Ventilation, Prone Position, Nitric Oxide, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Nursing Care) y los operadores booleanos correspondientes. Los estudios seleccionados se sometieron a una lectura crítica realizada entre el 6 de diciembre de 2020 y el 27 de marzo de 2021 utilizando la herramienta Critical Appraisal Skills Programme en español y un instrumento de evaluación de estudios epidemiológicos transversales.

Resultados

Se seleccionaron un total de 85 artículos. Tras realizar la lectura crítica se incluyeron en la revisión un total de 7 artículos siendo 6 estudios descriptivos y 1 estudio de cohortes. Tras el análisis de dichos estudios, se desprende que la técnica que mejor resultados ha obtenido es la ECMO, siendo importantes los cuidados proporcionados por el personal de enfermería cualificado y capacitado.

Conclusión

La mortalidad por Covid-19 aumenta en pacientes tratados con ventilación mecánica invasiva respecto a pacientes tratados con oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea. Los cuidados de enfermería y la especialización pueden repercutir en una mejora de los resultados en los pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo
Ventilación mecánica
Posición prona
Óxido nítrico
Oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea
Cuidados de enfermería
Mortalidad

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